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Although mostly known for their pivotal role in the transmission of parasitic protists of the genus<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>that cause leishmaniases, they are also proven or suspected vectors of many arboviruses, some of which threaten human and animal health, causing disorders such as human encephalitis (Chandipura virus) or serious diseases of domestic animals (vesicular stomatitis viruses). We reviewed the literature to summarize the current published information on viruses detected in or isolated from phlebotomine sand flies, excluding the family<jats:italic>Phenuiviridae<\/jats:italic>with the genus<jats:italic>Phlebovirus<\/jats:italic>, as these have been well investigated and up-to-date reviews are available. 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