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The ability to cause SIE and their host restriction make ISVs a potentially safe tool to target mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses. In the present study, we tested whether EILV causes SIE against WNV in mosquito C6\/36\u2009cells and <jats:italic>C. tarsalis<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes. The titres of both WNV strains \u2013 WN02-1956 and NY99 \u2013 were suppressed by EILV in C6\/36\u2009cells as early as 48\u201372\u2009h post-superinfection at both m.o.i. values tested in our study. The titres of WN02-1956 at both m.o.i. values remained suppressed in C6\/36\u2009cells, whereas those of NY99 showed some recovery towards the final timepoint. The mechanism of SIE remains unknown, but EILV was found to interfere with NY99 attachment in C6\/36\u2009cells, potentially contributing to the suppression of NY99 titres. However, EILV had no effect on the attachment of WN02-1956 or internalization of either WNV strain under superinfection conditions. In <jats:italic>C. tarsalis<\/jats:italic>, EILV did not affect the infection rate of either WNV strain at either timepoint. However, in mosquitoes<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> EILV enhanced NY99 infection titres at 3\u2009days post-superinfection, but this effect disappeared at 7\u2009days post-superinfection. In contrast, WN02-1956 infection titres were suppressed by EILV at 7\u2009days post-superinfection. The dissemination and transmission of both WNV strains were not affected by superinfection with EILV at either timepoint. Overall, EILV caused SIE against both WNV strains in C6\/36\u2009cells; however, in <jats:italic>C. tarsalis<\/jats:italic>, SIE caused by EILV was strain specific potentially owing to differences in the rate of depletion of shared resources by the individual WNV strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:17:33Z","timestamp":1724757453000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Eilat virus (EILV) causes superinfection exclusion against West Nile virus (WNV) in a strain-specific manner in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Renuka E.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of 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