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A review of virus classification schemes as they have developed over the past century shows that, although there was an initial inclination to adopt a Linnaean binomial nomenclature, various other naming formats were gradually introduced for practical and scientific reasons. However, as our understanding of viruses has advanced \u2013 especially with the increasing availability of genomic sequences \u2013 the arguments for these alternative formats (such as that viruses were not living or that they evolved too quickly) have diminished. The nomenclature for virus species now aligns more closely with the conventions used in other areas of biology, the format having nearly come full circle from its beginnings a century ago.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T15:16:07Z","timestamp":1749482167000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Binomial names for virus species: the rediscovery of an old idea"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8702-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart G.","family":"Siddell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2876-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"3","article-title":"\u00dcber ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit der Tabaksbl\u00e4tter","volume":"6","author":"Beijerinck","year":"1898","journal-title":"Verh K Akad Weterschappen Amst"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"67","article-title":"\u00dcber die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze","volume":"35","author":"Iwanowski","year":"1892","journal-title":"Bull Acad Imp Sci Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"371","article-title":"Berichte der Kommission zur Erforschung der Maul- und Klauenseuche bei dem Institut f\u00fcr Infektionskrankheiten in Berlin (Teil 2)","volume":"23","author":"Loeffler","year":"1898","journal-title":"Centralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskrh Abt 1"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101363"},{"key":"R5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The classification of plant viruses","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"1927","journal-title":"Wis Agric Exp Stn Bull"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.92.2398.559"},{"key":"R7","volume-title":"Handbook of Phytopathogenic Viruses","author":"Holmes","year":"1939"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"1127","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology","author":"Holmes","year":"1948"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.13.4.203-223.1949"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.1962.027.001.008"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.20.100166.000401"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/218927a0"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-012251-9.50047-5"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1951.tb03689.x","article-title":"Viruses and Linnaeus","volume":"28","author":"Andrewes","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/209450a0"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/173620a0"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.35.3.235-241.1971"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.24.090186.001445"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.42.100188.003301"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11720-11734.2001"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.07173-11"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111268"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0100-8"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqae183"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-65187-8_7","volume-title":"Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Guide","author":"Stuart","year":"2024"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001800"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05156-1"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01982575"},{"key":"R29","volume-title":"A Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases","author":"Smith","year":"1937"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1953.tb30228.x"},{"key":"R31","volume-title":"Principles of Animal Virology","author":"Burnet","year":"1955"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/182012a0"},{"key":"R33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification and nomenclature of viruses. 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