{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:59:37Z","timestamp":1789437577134,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) holds a ratification vote annually following the review of newly proposed taxa by ICTV Study Groups and members of the virology community. This article reports changes to the taxonomy of viruses infecting archaea that were approved and ratified by the ICTV in March 2025. Six new families of head-tailed viruses expanded the order <jats:italic>Caudoviricetes<\/jats:italic> (realm <jats:italic>Duplodnaviria<\/jats:italic>); one new family of filamentous viruses was added to the order <jats:italic>Ligamenvirales<\/jats:italic> (realm <jats:italic>Adnaviria<\/jats:italic>); one new family of viruses with pleomorphic virions was included within a new phylum, new order and new class in the kingdom <jats:italic>Trapavirae<\/jats:italic> (realm <jats:italic>Monodnaviria<\/jats:italic>); finally, three new families were created for spindle-shaped viruses that remain unassigned to higher level taxa. The 25 new species represent viruses infecting a broad range of archaea, including members of the classes Archaeoglobi, Bathyarchaeia, Methanobacteria, Methanomicrobia, Nitrososphaeria and Poseidoniia. Most of these viruses have been discovered by metagenomics in samples derived from diverse environments, including ambient and extreme marine ecosystems, the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, anaerobic digesters and terrestrial hot springs. Following this taxonomic update, archaeal viruses are officially classified into a total of 163 virus species in 94 genera within 62 families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T16:16:57Z","timestamp":1753460217000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee, 2025"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Mart","family":"Krupovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana P.","family":"Baquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Bignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Bize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PROSE, Antony, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Borrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Coves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PROSE, Antony, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhai","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Gribaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene V.","family":"Koonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Medvedeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entwicklungsgenetik und Zellbiologie der Tiere, Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"ICTV Taxonomy Summary Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrad042"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-024-06143-y"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008574"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2020.09.004"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.125"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.02.007"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001922"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.177"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05205-9"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16287"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70017"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001631"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13230"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae008"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycad011"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00673-21"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51946-x"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01485-w"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001442"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001800"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001922"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/jgv.0.002117?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T14:31:57Z","timestamp":1753799517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/jgv.0.002117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.002117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]}}}