{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:10:44Z","timestamp":1787508644343,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R56AI175974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI175974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI139258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI R56174062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI R56174062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    BK polyomavirus (BKV) causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKV-nephropathy) and polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis following kidney transplantation and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BKV strains consist of four distinct genotypes (BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV), with more than 80% of individuals seropositive for the BKV-I genotype and lower prevalences of infection or co-infection with the other genotypes. BKV-nephropathy occurs widely in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, with the recommended treatment including reduction of immunosuppressive drugs. High serum titres of BKV-neutralizing antibodies and treatment with BKV-neutralizing intravenous immunoglobulin are associated with reduced levels of BKV-DNAemia in kidney transplant recipients, suggesting anti-BKV antibodies can limit viral load. Thus, we set out to generate broadly neutralizing human mAbs against the viral protein 1 (VP1) major capsid protein of BKV genotypes I\u2013IV using VelocImmune\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    transgenic mice that encode for human immunoglobulins. Hybridoma clones from VelocImmune\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice immunized with combinations of BKV I\u2013IV VP1 and respective genotypes of BKV pseudoviruses (BK-PsVs) were screened using a high-throughput binding assay against BKV-I VP1 expressed in HEK-293 cells. The VP1-binding hybridoma clones were then assessed for neutralization with BK-PsV consisting of respective VP1 proteins from BKV-I, -II, -III or -IV on the virion surface. Overall, 36 broadly cross-neutralizing mAbs against BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV were identified. Importantly, 20 of the cross-reactive immunoglobulins were subjected to nucleotide sequencing, resulting in 6 clonotype families with 14 genetically distinct immunoglobulins. Several of the most effective mAbs were fully humanized with the IgG1 Fc domain with broad neutralization of BK-PsV-I, -II, -III and -IV genotypes with IC50s ranging from ~7 to 200\u2009pM. Thus, these cross-neutralizing mAbs represent potential biologics to be developed into BKV therapeutics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T15:16:54Z","timestamp":1766416614000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against BK polyomavirus genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"J. 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