{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:48:36Z","timestamp":1777769316638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018883","name":"Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment","award":["UOO2506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOO2506"]}]},{"name":"Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment","award":["UOOX1904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UOOX1904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human noroviruses (HuNVs) are members of the\n                    <jats:italic>Caliciviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    family and are a significant cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Cell culture models are challenging for studying the intracellular replication of HuNV, with murine norovirus (MNV) routinely used to study norovirus replication. Norovirus genomes contain a non-structural (NS) polyprotein that is processed by the viral protease, generating precursor and mature proteins during replication. We identified a putative viral protease cleavage site at E\n                    <jats:sup>66<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/G\n                    <jats:sup>67<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the MNV-1 NS1-2 protein by sequence analysis that was cleaved by the protease\u2013polymerase (ProPol) precursor but not Pro\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and during MNV-1 replication, with the cleavage site confirmed by MS. The P4-P4\u2019 LHAE\n                    <jats:sup>66<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/G\n                    <jats:sup>67<\/jats:sup>\n                    PLA cleavage site of MNV-1 is conserved in some MNV strains, while other strains contain a predicted caspase cleavage site (LHAD\n                    <jats:sup>66<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/G\n                    <jats:sup>67<\/jats:sup>\n                    PHA) at this position, indicating that cleavage of NS1 is widely conserved in MNV. Mutation of the ProPol cleavage site in MNV-1 NS1-2 to the caspase motif reduced viral protein expression and replication in Huh7CD300lf and BV2 cells, while removal of the site via an E\n                    <jats:sup>66<\/jats:sup>\n                    A mutation caused a 100-fold reduction in viral yield in the naturally permissive BV-2 cell line. This study demonstrates that the protease function of the MNV-1 ProPol precursor has an important role during replication that is distinct to the mature protease and that cleavage of NS1-2 by ProPol at E\n                    <jats:sup>66<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/G\n                    <jats:sup>67<\/jats:sup>\n                    is important for MNV-1 replication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:15:40Z","timestamp":1777479340000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The MNV-1 protease\u2013polymerase precursor cleaves a novel site in the NS1-2 protein"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vernon K.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"},{"name":"Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geena M.","family":"McKenzie-Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivienne L.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and 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