{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:06:00Z","timestamp":1780506360393,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010249","name":"School of Medicine, Indiana University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005739","name":"Indiana Space Grant Consortium","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5T32HL091816-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32HL091816-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017540","name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P01HL158507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL158507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of respiratory infections, particularly in vulnerable populations, yet no approved vaccines or targeted antivirals are available. pH-regulated processes, including airway epithelial physiology, endosomal acidification and viral fusion mediated by the fusion (F) protein, are critical for hMPV infection. This study evaluates PHOH-001, an inhaled alkaline buffer, as a potential therapeutic strategy to modulate airway pH and inhibit hMPV infection. Using rhMPV-GFP (green fluorescent protein-expressing hMPV), viral replication was assessed in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs). PHOH-001 significantly reduced GFP expression at 72\u2009h post-infection in both submerged and air-liquid interface cultures, with effects comparable to those of the endosomal acidification inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In Vero E6 cells, PHOH-001 increased extracellular and intracellular pH in a dose-dependent manner and correspondingly reduced hMPV infection. In HAECs, PHOH-001 treatment reduced early virus\u2013cell interactions, as measured by decreased cell-associated viral RNA under conditions restricting internalization. PHOH-001 also reduced viral replication, as measured by TCID\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    assays and decreased syncytium formation. In parallel, PHOH-001 increased endosomal pH, consistent with altered endosomal acidification. Furthermore, PHOH-001 altered F protein localization and coincided with changes in actin organization, consistent with impaired viral spread. Collectively, these findings indicate that PHOH-001 modulates multiple pH-dependent steps in hMPV infection\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and support airway pH modulation as a potential antiviral strategy against hMPV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:16:21Z","timestamp":1780503381000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel antiviral strategy targeting human metapneumovirus through pH modulation in human airway epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana Alisandrea","family":"Daniels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Herman B. 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