{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:31:34Z","timestamp":1786379494537,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PCI2023\u2011143365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2023\u2011143365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PCI2023\u2011143384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2023\u2011143384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PID2023\u2011146146NB\u2011I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023\u2011146146NB\u2011I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FPU22\/03361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU22\/03361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria","award":["SGIT-2015-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGIT-2015-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Formic acid treatment is widely used in diagnostic neuropathology to reduce the infectivity of prion-containing tissues; however, quantitative\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    evidence supporting its effectiveness under routine laboratory conditions remains limited. Here, we assessed the impact of formalin fixation and formic acid treatment on the infectivity of type 1 sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (sCJD) and variant CJD (vCJD) prions using highly sensitive transgenic mouse models overexpressing human-PrP M129 (Hu-Tg340) or bovine PrP (Bo-Tg110). Brain tissues were processed under conditions closely resembling standard histopathological workflows and tested as untreated, formalin-fixed or formalin-plus-formic-acid\u2013treated inocula. Untreated samples produced short incubation times and full attack rates, whereas formalin fixation caused only a modest prolongation of incubation times. In contrast, formic acid treatment markedly extended incubation times and reduced attack rates for sCJD. Based on incubation-time interpolation, the estimated infectivity reductions were on the order of 4.4 log\u2081\u2080 for vCJD and 5 log\u2081\u2080 for sCJD. These estimates indicate a major reduction in infectious titre under the conditions tested, although residual infectivity was still detected. The findings support formic acid treatment as an important risk-reduction step in routine neuropathology workflows for the two prion strains examined.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.002312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T16:16:07Z","timestamp":1786378567000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formic acid treatment drastically reduces sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease and variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease infectivity in histological samples as tested in a high-sensitivity mouse bioassay"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Canoyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, 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