{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:03:59Z","timestamp":1773767039653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diarrhoea is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent estimations suggested the number of deaths is close to 2.5 million. This study examined the causative agents of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in suburban areas of Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 437 stool samples obtained from children with diarrhoea were examined by culture and PCR for bacteria, by microscopy and PCR for parasites and by immunoassay for detection of rotavirus A. Of the 437 samples analysed, 211 (48\u200a%) tested positive for diarrhoeagenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, 96 (22\u200a%) for rotavirus A, 36 (8\u200a%) for <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> spp., 17 (4\u200a%) for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., 8 (2\u200a%) for <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp., 47 (11\u200a%) for <jats:italic>Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic> and 22 (5\u200a%) for <jats:italic>Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:italic>. All isolates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (211, 100\u200a%) and <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> (17, 100\u200a%), and 30 (83\u200a%) isolates of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> were sensitive to chloramphenicol; 17 (100\u200a%) isolates of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, 200 (94\u200a%) isolates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and (78\u200a%) 28 isolates of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> spp. were sensitive to gentamicin. In contrast, resistance to ampicillin was demonstrated in 100 (47\u200a%) isolates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 16 (44\u200a%) isolates of <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic> spp. In conclusion, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> proved to be the main cause of diarrhoea in young children in this study, followed by rotavirus A and protozoa. Determination of diarrhoea aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoeal pathogens and improved hygiene are important for clinical management and controlled strategic planning to reduce the burden of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T12:43:24Z","timestamp":1424954604000},"page":"432-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Abd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sandstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.571","article-title":"Etiology of acute diarrhea in children and adults in Tunis, Tunisia, with emphasis on diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: prevalence, phenotyping, and molecular epidemiology","volume":"77","author":"Al-Gallas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"r2","unstructured":"Aryal, B. K. (1996). Serological analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens with special interest in gastroenteritis. PhD thesis, Tribhuvan University, Nepal"},{"key":"r3","first-page":"752","article-title":"Bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute dysentery in Thailand: increasing importance of quinolone-resistant Campylobacter","volume":"33","author":"Bodhidatta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-94"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03675.x"},{"key":"r6","first-page":"295","article-title":"Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: chemoprophylaxis","volume":"63","author":"de Zoysa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"r7","first-page":"134","article-title":"Emerging opportunistic protozoa and intestinal pathogenic protozoal infestation profile in children of western Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Easow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu063"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.331"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.11.3.168"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/507335"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3126\/sw.v5i5.2651","article-title":"Detection of enteric bacterial pathogens (Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli O157) in childhood diarrhoeal cases","volume":"5","author":"Maharjan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci World"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.522","article-title":"Etiology of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years of age admitted in a rural hospital of southern Mozambique","volume":"76","author":"Mandomando","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-985"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-19"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.142","article-title":"Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.","volume":"11","author":"Nataro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.755-760.2005"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2011.05.009"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2005.12.008"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3636-3641.2005"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980406"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000254389.65667.8b"},{"key":"r23","first-page":"3702","article-title":"Epidemiology of entamoeba infection in Sudan","volume":"5","author":"Saeed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)03127-3","article-title":"A study of diarrhoea among children in eastern Nepal with special reference to rotavirus","volume":"21","author":"Shariff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3126\/sw.v7i7.3830","article-title":"Burden of enteropathogens associated diarrheal diseases in children hospital, Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Sherchand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci World"},{"key":"r26","first-page":"31","article-title":"Parasitic infection in school children in Thimi area, Kathmandu Valley","volume":"10","author":"Shrestha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nep Assoc Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"r27","first-page":"7","article-title":"Study of parasitic infection among children of Sukumbasi Basti in Kathmandu valley","volume":"13","author":"Thapa Magar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"r28","volume-title":"Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2014. Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.","year":"2014"},{"key":"r29","article-title":"Programme for control of diarrhoeal diseases","volume-title":"Manual for Laboratory Investigation of Acute Enteric Infections","year":"1987"},{"key":"r30","volume-title":"The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update","year":"2008"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61601-9"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01485.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000043?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T10:29:12Z","timestamp":1702636152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.000043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}}}