{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:45:01Z","timestamp":1790502301565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2391\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> is an obligate intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease Q fever in humans, which can occur in either an acute or a chronic form with serious complications. The bacterium has a wide host range, including unicellular organisms, invertebrates, birds and mammals, with livestock representing the most significant reservoir for human infections. Cell culture models have been used to decipher the intracellular lifestyle of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2391\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. burnetii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, and several infection models, including invertebrates, rodents and non-human primates, are being used to investigate host\u2013pathogen interactions and to identify bacterial virulence factors and vaccine candidates. However, none of the models replicate all aspects of human disease. Furthermore, it is becoming evident that <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2391\" xlink:type=\"simple\">C. burnetii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates belonging to different lineages exhibit differences in their virulence in these models. Here, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used infection models and summarize currently available data for lineage-specific virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T14:12:12Z","timestamp":1566223932000},"page":"1419-1430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["From cell culture to cynomolgus macaque: infection models show lineage-specific virulence potential of Coxiella burnetii"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Georgina","family":"Metters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences \u2013 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel H.","family":"Norville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0162-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard W.","family":"Titball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences \u2013 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5116-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Hemsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences \u2013 Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.04.024"},{"key":"R2","article-title":"Q Fever: An Old but Still a Poorly Understood Disease","volume":"ID","author":"Honarmand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"R4","first-page":"1113","article-title":"A review on the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in farm ruminants in various countries","volume":"54","author":"Pexara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001908"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Q fever-United states, 2013: recommendations from CDC and the Q fever Working group","volume":"62 RR-03","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"60","article-title":"Placentitis and Abortion in Goats and Sheep in Ontario Caused by Coxiella burnetii","volume":"24","author":"Palmer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125909.x","article-title":"Vaccine prophylaxis of Q fever. 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