{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:30:11Z","timestamp":1790098211072,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"European Commission Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["613754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["613754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"The aim of this article is to report on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from livestock from several European countries. The relationships with antimicrobial usage (AMU) at country level and harmonized indicators to cover the most relevant AMR aspects for human health in animal production were also investigated. \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> were isolated in faeces from broilers and fattening pigs (from nine countries), and fattening turkeys and veal calves (from three countries) and screened against a fixed antimicrobial panel. AMU data were collected at farm and average treatment incidences stratified by antimicrobial class, country and livestock species were calculated. Associations between AMR and AMU at country level were analysed. Independent of animal species, the highest resistance was observed for ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim. \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from broilers showed the highest resistance level for (fluoro)quinolones, and multidrug resistance peaked in broilers and fattening turkeys. Colistin resistance was observed at very low levels with the exception of fattening turkeys. High resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was detected in broilers and fattening turkeys. The lowest levels of resistance were for meropenem, azithromycin and tigecycline (<1 %). Significant correlations between resistance and usage at country level were detected in broilers for polymyxins and aminoglycosides, and in fattening pigs for cephalosporins, amphenicols, fluoroquinolones and polymyxins. None of the correlations observed between AMR and AMU were statistically significant for fattening turkey and veal calves. The strength of the analysis performed here is the correlation of aggregated data from the same farms at country level for both AMU and AMR within antimicrobial classes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T15:17:49Z","timestamp":1584544669000},"page":"537-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance prevalence in commensal Escherichia coli from broilers, fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and veal calves in European countries and association with antimicrobial usage at country level"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Present address: Research Executive Agency, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayla","family":"Hesp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanet","family":"van der Goot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Sarrazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap A.","family":"Wagenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Dewulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dik J.","family":"Mevius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"on behalf of the","family":"EFFORT consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Members are listed in the Acknowledgements section"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ABIO-120005771"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1131-3"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.04.005"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00258"},{"key":"R5","article-title":"European Food Safety Authority - Panel on Biological Hazard (BIOHAZ), and European Medicines Agency - Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP). 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