{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:52:53Z","timestamp":1785930773111,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ann and Bryce Carmine"},{"name":"PSAF stage II grant from MBIE and Massey University"},{"name":"Massey University (NZ) PhD Scholarship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001554","name":"Massey University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold> There is an urgent need for effective therapies against bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold> Synergistic combinations of existing antimicrobials show promise due to their enhanced efficacies and reduced dosages which can mitigate adverse effects, and therefore can be used as potential antibacterial therapy.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold> In this study, we sought to characterize the in vitro<\/jats:italic> interaction of 5-nitrofurans, vancomycin and sodium deoxycholate (NVD) against pathogenic bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold> The synergy of the NVD combination was investigated in terms of growth inhibition and bacterial killing using checkerboard and time-kill assays, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold> Using a three-dimensional checkerboard assay, we showed that 5-nitrofurans, sodium deoxycholate and vancomycin interact synergistically in the growth inhibition of 15 out of 20 Gram-negative strains tested, including clinically significant pathogens such as carbapenemase-producing \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, \n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> and \n \n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, and interact indifferently against the Gram-positive strains tested. The time-kill assay further confirmed that the triple combination was bactericidal in a synergistic manner.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This study demonstrates the synergistic effect of 5-nitrofurans, sodium deoxycholate and vancomycin against Gram-negative pathogens and highlights the potential of the combination as a treatment for Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T15:15:21Z","timestamp":1610723721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["In vitro synergy of 5-nitrofurans, vancomycin and sodium deoxycholate against Gram-negative pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catrina","family":"Olivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New 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