{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T20:59:33Z","timestamp":1772225973487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"the Application Technology Research and Development of Sichuan Science and Technology","award":["20YYJC0952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20YYJC0952"]}]},{"name":"United Funds of Luzhou and Southwest Medical University","award":["2018LZXNYD-ZK51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018LZXNYD-ZK51"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Since <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic> was first reported in China, there have been ten variants of MCR appearing nationwide so far. Multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"family\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3091\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> bacteria carrying both NDM and MCR have become a serious threat to global public health.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> The genetic structure of <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic> needs to be better understood in order to better prevent and control the transmission of drug-resistant genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aims.<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of two <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3158\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates, which carries <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> CME2 and the coexistence of <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub> strain CMD2, which were isolated from a patient with diabetes in Sichuan, China.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> The microbroth dilution method was used for antibiotic susceptibility. Conjugation experiment was used to investigate the transferability of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic>. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq platform. The ability of biofilm formation was detected by crystal-violet staining, the virulence of the bacteria was measured by <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> killing assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> \n                  <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> carrier CME2 and CMD2 with <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic> were resistant to carbapenems, \u03b2-lactam, aminoglycoside, quinolone and tetracycline, while CMD2 was also resistant to colistin. Conjugation assay and plasmid replicon typing further demonstrated that both <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> were respectively present on the self-transferrable IncX3 plasmid, <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic> was located on the self-transferrable IncHI2 plasmid. Through the analysis of <jats:italic>mcr-9<\/jats:italic> gene context, the structure was <jats:italic>DUF4942-rcnR-rcnA-copS<\/jats:italic>-IS<jats:italic>903-mcr-9-wbuC-qseC-qseB-IS1R<\/jats:italic>-\u0394<jats:italic>silR<\/jats:italic>-IS<jats:italic>903<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub> context was IS<jats:italic>3000<\/jats:italic>-\u0394IS<jats:italic>Aba125<\/jats:italic>-IS<jats:italic>5-bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>-<jats:italic>ble-trpF-groS-groL-insE<\/jats:italic>-\u0394IS<jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic> structure, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub> structure was IS<jats:italic>3000-bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM-5<\/jats:sub>-<jats:italic>ble-trpF-dsbC<\/jats:italic>-\u0394IS<jats:italic>26-umuD<\/jats:italic>-IS<jats:italic>Kox3-tnpR-parA<\/jats:italic>. Biofilm formation of CME2 was stronger than CMD2. There was no significant difference in virulence between the two strains.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This study reveals two multiple drug-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3158\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. hormaechei<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates from diabetes patient samples. <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3158\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. hormaechei<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> carrying two NDM-resistant genes is already a serious threat, where MCR is an important cause of treatment failure in bacterial infections. This study is a reminder not only to prevent infection in patients with diabetes, but also to constantly monitor the epidemic and spread of the drug-resistant gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T18:19:00Z","timestamp":1612289940000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Co-infections of two carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei clinical strains isolated from the same diabetes individual in China"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Manlin","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The first affiliated hospital of Chengdu medical college, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ud Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangjin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JiaWei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4978-0098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingshun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2014.02.007"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02379-15"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky168"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533040-000000000-00000"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1222343"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12342"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.5.811"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(14)70174-0"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.009"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30528-X"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00540-17"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2018.11.003"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0124-z"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17031028"},{"key":"R15","article-title":"Identication of mcr-10 carried by self-transmissible plasmids and chromosome in Enterobacter roggenkampii strains isolated from hospital sewage water","volume":"268","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.021"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00327-18"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.148373"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.186"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S210554"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00965-19"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit453"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00060-17"},{"key":"R24","first-page":"30","article-title":"Complete sequencing of an IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-5 allele reveals an early stage in the dissemination of the blaNDM gene","volume":"33","author":"Krishnaraju","year":"2015"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0596-1"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02813-13"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.4151-4158.2003"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00479-16"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0124"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.61"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001316?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T14:25:48Z","timestamp":1621520748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001316","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}