{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:50:36Z","timestamp":1787010636433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ7\/ 02853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ7\/ 02853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n The possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between\n \n \n Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates from humans and different animal species, including those not covered by monitoring programs (e.g. pet and wildlife), poses a serious threat to public health.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold>\n Little is known about occurrence and mechanisms of phenomenon of multidrug resistance of\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolated from various host species in Poland.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n The aim of the study was to characterize multidrug-resistant\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolated from humans and animals (livestock, pets and wildlife) in terms of the occurrence of genetic markers determining resistance.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n Bacterial isolates were tested for phenotypic resistance and the presence of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, aminocyclitols and phenicols as well as efflux pump (\n eme<\/jats:italic>\n A), resolvase (\n tnd<\/jats:italic>\n X) and integrase (\n Int-Tn<\/jats:italic>\n ) genes. The quinolone resistance-determining regions of\n gyr<\/jats:italic>\n A and\n par<\/jats:italic>\n C were sequenced.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n Human isolates of\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n were characterized by high-level resistance to: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin (100\u200a%), as well, as aminoglycosides resistance (kanamycin \u2013 100%, streptomycin \u2013 78\u200a%, gentamicin \u2013 78%). Regardless of the animal species, high level of resistance of\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n to tetracycline (from 88\u2013100\u200a%), erythromycin (from 82\u201394\u200a%) and kanamycin (from 36\u2013100\u200a%) was observed. All\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates from wildlife were resistant to fluoroquinolones. However, full susceptibility to vancomycin was observed in all isolates tested. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was identified in the presence of the following resistance genes:\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B) (70%),\n msr<\/jats:italic>\n (A) (50\u200a%),\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (L) (35\u200a%),\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (K) (34\u200a%),\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (M) (76\u200a%),\n aac(6\u2019)-Ie-aph(2\u2033)-Ia<\/jats:italic>\n (25%),\n ant(6)-Ia<\/jats:italic>\n (31%),\n aph(3)-IIIa<\/jats:italic>\n (68\u200a%), (\n tnd<\/jats:italic>\n X) (23\u200a%), and integrase gene (\n Int-Tn<\/jats:italic>\n ) (34\u200a%). A correlation between an amino acid substitution at positions 83 and 87 of\n gyr<\/jats:italic>\n A and position 80 of\n par<\/jats:italic>\n C and the high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n has been observed as well.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n The level and range of antimicrobial resistance and the panel of resistance determinants is comparable between\n \n \n E. faecium<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates, despite host species.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T12:16:30Z","timestamp":1616415390000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative study of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium obtained from different hosts"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6400-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Tro\u015bcia\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Nowakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9872-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7846-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"\u0141agowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelina","family":"Osi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Chudzik-Rz\u0105d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chod\u017aki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00237"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.956092"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102462"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110303424"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.004"},{"key":"R6","article-title":"DANMAP 2019 - Use of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food animals, food and humans in Denmark; 2020; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark. 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