{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:08:01Z","timestamp":1793833681674,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pleural infections cause major morbidity and mortality, particularly amongst paediatric and elderly populations. The aetiology is broad, but pleural culture fails to yield a causative pathogen in approximately 40\u200a% of cases. Alternative pathogen identification methods are therefore required. The aim of the study was to investigate the yield from and impact on patient care when performing 16S rRNA PCR on culture-negative pleural fluid specimens and to determine whether any individual laboratory parameters were associated with a positive 16S rRNA PCR result. We conducted a study on 90 patients with suspected pleural infection, who had a culture-negative pleural fluid specimen, which underwent 16S rRNA PCR analysis between August 2017 and June 2019. This study was undertaken at a large NHS Trust in London, UK. Thirty-one per cent of culture-negative pleural fluid specimens tested by 16S rRNA PCR yielded a positive PCR result. Our data demonstrated that 16S rRNA PCR detected a significantly higher proportion of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5677\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001) and fastidious, slow-growing and anaerobic pathogens (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0025) compared with culture-based methods. Of the 25 16S rRNA PCR results that were positive for a causative pathogen, 76\u200a% had a direct impact on clinical management. No single laboratory variable was found to be associated with a positive 16S rRNA PCR result. The findings from our real-world evaluation highlight the importance of 16S rRNA PCR in confirming pleural infection when the aetiology is unknown, and its direct, positive impact on clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T14:16:34Z","timestamp":1622038594000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical utility of 16S rRNA PCR in pleural infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7652-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Temi","family":"Lampejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Ciesielczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary\u2019s College, University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lambourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.12.027"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.137000","article-title":"Management of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010","volume":"65","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522996"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1403503"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1476-4"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12020"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.030"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05213-0"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042473"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31824dfdb0"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.030387-0"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502680"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.042176"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001366?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T14:16:36Z","timestamp":1622038596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]}}}