{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:11:14Z","timestamp":1786446674319,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> The current severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has stressed the global supply chain for specialized equipment, including flocked swabs.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold> Saliva could be a potential alternative specimen source for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> To compare the detection efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva and oro-nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) specimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Patients recruited from hospital provided paired saliva and ONPS specimens. We performed manual or automated RT-PCR with prior proteinase K treatment without RNA extraction using the Seegene Allplex 2019 nCoV assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Of the 773 specimen pairs, 165 (21.3\u200a%) had at least one positive sample. Additionally, 138 specimens tested positive by both sampling methods. Fifteen and 12\u2009cases were detected only by nasopharyngeal swab and saliva, respectively. The sensitivity of ONPS (153\/165; 92.7\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 88.8\u201396.7) was similar to that of saliva (150\/165; 90.9\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 86.5\u201395.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.5). In patients with symptoms for \u2264 10\u2009days, the sensitivity of ONPS (118\/126; 93.7\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 89.4\u201397.9) was similar to that of saliva (122\/126; 96.8\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 93.8\u201399.9\u200a%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.9). However, the sensitivity of ONPS (20\/22; 95.2\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 86.1\u2013100) was higher than that of saliva (16\/22; 71.4\u200a%; 95\u200a%\u2009CI: 52.1\u201390.8) in patients with symptoms for more than 10\u2009days.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> Saliva sampling is an acceptable alternative to ONPS for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic individuals displaying symptoms for \u2264 10\u2009days. These results reinforce the need to expand the use of saliva samples, which are self-collected and do not require swabs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T16:20:56Z","timestamp":1628526056000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Validation of saliva sampling as an alternative to oro-nasopharyngeal swab for detection of SARS-CoV-2 using unextracted rRT-PCR with the Allplex 2019-nCoV assay"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Marco Andres","family":"Bergevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, H\u00f4pital Cit\u00e9-de-la-Sant\u00e9, Laval, QC H7M 3L9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-0465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wesley","family":"Freppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Sant\u00e9 Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guylaine","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, H\u00f4pital Cit\u00e9-de-la-Sant\u00e9, Laval, QC H7M 3L9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2054-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Ambaraghassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dany","family":"Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optilab Laval-Laurentides-Lanaudi\u00e8re, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Haeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, H\u00f4pital Cit\u00e9-de-la-Sant\u00e9, Laval, QC H7M 3L9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"Saint-Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, H\u00f4pital Cit\u00e9-de-la-Sant\u00e9, Laval, QC H7M 3L9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6648-8203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Carignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.076232.120"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2016359"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.09.010"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.06.009"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01704-16"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00465"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa149"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1388"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa848"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01468-x"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.22.20136309"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.067"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26532"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2020.10.01"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2020"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01109-20"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5793"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa638"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4738"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01068-20"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1443"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.10.20127837"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001404?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T23:32:12Z","timestamp":1702596732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]}}}