{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:23:12Z","timestamp":1785871392370,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Iran's National Elites Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a well-known member of the retroviridae family, potentially causes serious outcomes including adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP). Oxidative stress plays a key role in progression and clinical exacerbation of several chronic infections. We have previously shown a reduction in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) during HTLV-1 infection and this study was set out to investigate the reasons for TAC reduction.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> Oxidant\/antioxidant imbalance during HTLV-1 infection may result from disruptions in oxidant levels or antioxidant defence system.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to analyse the key enzymes and oxidant molecules playing important roles in virus-induced oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> We measured serum activities of the major antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as serum concentrations of the main oxidant markers: nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Totally 40 HTLV-1 infected patients and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patient group consisted of chronic carriers and patients with HAM-TSP (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>=20).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> The current study found that serum levels of MDA and NO were significantly higher in patient groups particularly in HAM-TSP patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). In addition, a reductive trend was observed in the serum activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX in HTLV-1 infected patients compared with healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Reduced activities of CAT, SOD, and GPX antioxidant enzymes along with the observed elevated concentrations of oxidant molecules may contribute to oxidative stress and worse outcomes during HTLV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1650471498000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers in HTLV-1 infected individuals: correlation with the severity of virus-induced complications"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0466-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Youssefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooshang","family":"Rafat Panah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lida","family":"Jarahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8915-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnaz","family":"Zahedi Avval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 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