{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:23:23Z","timestamp":1787801003556,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SUS0036\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUS0036\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Sickle cell disease (SCD) children have a high susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. For this reason, they are routinely immunized with pneumococcal vaccines and use antibiotic prophylaxis (AP).<\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> Yet, little is known about SCD children\u2019s gut microbiota. If antibiotic-resistant \n \n Enterobacterales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> may colonize people on AP, we hypothesized that SCD children on AP are colonized by resistant enterobacteria species.<\/jats:p>\n \n Objective.<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the effect of continuous AP on \n \n Enterobacterales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> gut colonization from children with SCD.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold> We analysed 30 faecal swabs from SCD children on AP and 21 swabs from children without the same condition. \n \n Enterobacterales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> was isolated on MacConkey agar plates and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (bioM\u00e9rieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). We performed the antibiogram by Vitek 2 system (bioM\u00e9rieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and the resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold> We found four different species with resistance to one or more different antibiotic types in the AP-SCD children\u2019s group: \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, \n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, \n \n Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, and \n \n Citrobacter farmeri<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>. Colonization by resistant \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> was associated with AP (prevalence ratio 2.69, 95\u200a% confidence interval [CI], 1.98\u20133.67, P<\/jats:italic><0.001). Strains producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) were identified only in SCD children, \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, 4\/30 (13\u200a%), and \n \n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>, 2\/30 (7\u200a%). The ESBL-producing \n \n Enterobacterales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> were associated with penicillin G benzathine use (95\u200a%\u2009CI, 22.91\u201386.71, P<\/jats:italic><0.001). CTX-M-1 was the most prevalent among ESBL-producers (3\/6, 50\u200a%), followed by CTX-M-9 (2\/6, 33\u200a%), and CTX-M-2 (1\/6, 17\u200a%).<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Resistant enterobacteria colonize SCD children on AP, and this therapy raises the chance of ESBL-producing \n \n Enterobacterales<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> colonization. Future studies should focus on prophylactic vaccines as exclusive therapy against pneumococcal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T16:49:19Z","timestamp":1630946959000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sickle cell disease children\u2019s gut colonization by extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales: an antibiotic prophylaxis effect?"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano de Souza Santos","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Postgraduate Course in Biotechnology in Health and Investigative Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 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