{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:21:29Z","timestamp":1765423289457,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007404","name":"Clinical Trial Center, China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DMR-108-140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-108-140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010792","name":"Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TTMHH-106R0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTMHH-106R0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Antimicrobial resistance associated with animal hosts is easily transmitted to humans either by direct contact with resistant organisms or by transferring resistance genes into human pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap statement.<\/jats:bold> There are limited studies on antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic elements of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> in veterinary hospitals in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> from animals.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Between January 2014 and August 2015, 95 multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates were obtained from pigs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=66), avians (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18), and other animals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=11) in a veterinary hospital in Taiwan. Susceptibility testing to 24 antimicrobial agents of 14 antimicrobial classes was performed. Antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, and insertion sequences were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequence typing were used to explore the clonal relatedness of the study isolates.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Different antimicrobial resistance genes found in these isolates were associated with resistance to \u03b2-lactams, tetracycline, phenicols, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides. Fifty-five of 95 <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates (55\/95, 57.9\u200a%) were not susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>CTX-M-55<\/jats:sub> (11\/55, 20.0\u200a%) and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub> (40\/55, 72.7\u200a%) were the most common extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC genes, respectively. Both <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub> were present on conjugative plasmids that contained the insertion sequence IS<jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic> upstream of the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> genes. Plasmid-mediated FOX-3 \u03b2-lactamase-producing <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> was first identified in Taiwan. Forty isolates (40\/95, 42\u200a%) with class 1 integrons showed seven resistance phenotypes. Genotyping of 95 <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates revealed 91 different <jats:italic>Xba<\/jats:italic>I pulsotypes and 52 different sequence types. PFGE analysis revealed no clonal outbreaks in our study isolates.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This study showed a high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypes among MDR <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolated from diseased livestock in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plasmid-mediated ESBL in FOX-3 \u03b2-lactamase-producing <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates in Taiwan. MDR <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates from animal origins may contaminate the environment, resulting in public health concerns, indicating that MDR isolates from animals need to be continuously investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T16:16:42Z","timestamp":1636993002000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a veterinary hospital in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Lii-Tzu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8555-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Xia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RBC bioscience Corp, Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se-Chin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Infection Control Office, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Pei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ter-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S159345"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.05.017"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040795"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450023347579"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01933"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh332"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12190"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2014.12.001"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0223"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.464"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.9.2938-2945.2003"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg426"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00274-06"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.1.185"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03127.x"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000020"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-0986-7"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02852"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03850.x"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.01.001"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt208"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00495-16"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01291-9"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx489"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.09.017"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179169"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00369"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2018.10.011"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr106"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01136"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-015-0100-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001453?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T16:16:46Z","timestamp":1636993006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001453","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-2615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-5644"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]}}}