{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:48:03Z","timestamp":1778312883035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Egg Marketing Board"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"abstract":"The genus \n \n Brachyspira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> includes nine officially recognised species, several of which are pathogenic to mammals and birds. B. pilosicoli, B. intermedia,<\/jats:italic> and \n \n B. alvinipulli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> are the causative agents of avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS), a gastrointestinal disease in poultry caused by the colonisation of the caeca and\/ or colo-rectum by \n \n Brachyspira<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>. AIS primarily affects layer hens and broiler breeders over the age of 15 weeks. The severity of symptoms can vary but typically presents as reduced growth rates, delayed onset of lay, reduced egg production, faecally stained eggs, and diarrhoea. 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