{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:38:28Z","timestamp":1791887908737,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helse Bergen HF","award":["912132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["912132"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council via the LSTM-Lancaster Doctoral Training Partnership","award":["MR\/N013514\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N013514\/1"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council, a Council of UK Research and Innovation, and the National Institute for Health Research","award":["MR\/S004793\/1 and NIHR200632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S004793\/1 and NIHR200632"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are emerging as a global public-health threat and cause substantial challenges in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n \n Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> There is a need for increased and continued genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes globally in order to detect outbreaks and dissemination of clinically important resistance genes and their associated mobile genetic elements in human pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold> To describe the resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:bold> Rectal swabs from neonates and newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults were collected between April 2017 and May 2018 and screened for faecal carriage of carbapenamases and OXA-48 producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial isolates were identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by E-test. Whole genomes of carbapenem-resistant \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> were investigated using a hybrid assembly of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing reads.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold> Three carbapenem-resistant \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> were detected, two from neonates and one from an HIV infected adult. All three isolates carried bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub>. Two \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from neonates belonged to ST167 and bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub> co-existed with bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub> and bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-01<\/jats:sub>, and all were carried on IncFIA type plasmids. The \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from the HIV infected adult belonged to ST2083, and carried bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub> on an IncX3 type plasmid and bla<\/jats:italic>\n CMY-42<\/jats:sub> on an IncI type plasmid. All bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub> carrying plasmids contained conjugation related genes. In addition, \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from the HIV infected adult carried three more plasmid types; IncFIA, IncFIB and Col(BS512). One \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from a neonate also carried one extra plasmid Col(BS512). All three \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> harboured resistance genes to fluoroquinolone, aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, macrolides and tetracycline, carried on the IncFIA type plasmid. Furthermore, \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> from the neonates carried a chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB3<\/jats:italic>), also on the IncFIA plasmid. All three isolates were susceptible to colistin.<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This is the first report, to our knowledge, from Tanzania detecting bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM-5<\/jats:sub> producing E. coli.<\/jats:italic> The carbapenemase gene was carried on an IncFIA and IncX3 type plasmids. Our findings highlight the urgent need for a robust antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance system to monitor and rapidly report on the incidence and spread of emerging resistant bacteria in Tanzania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T16:17:37Z","timestamp":1646065057000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["First identification of bla\n NDM-5 producing Escherichia coli from neonates and a HIV infected adult in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1388-3901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Manyahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4735-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina J.","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5401-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Upendo","family":"Kibwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard N.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellie","family":"Allman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alasdair T. 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