{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T06:59:21Z","timestamp":1782197961425,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#12\/01278-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#12\/01278-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#2012\/10403-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2012\/10403-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88882.432880\/2019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88882.432880\/2019-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Two high-oncogenic-risk human papilomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes \u2013 HPV16 and HPV18 \u2013 cause most of the cases of cervical cancer worldwide. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased hrHPV persistence, although the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. are detected in nearly all cases of bacterial vaginosis and are the major source of cervicovaginal sialidases. The NanH1<\/jats:italic> gene is present in virtually all \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> sialidase-producing strains and has been proposed as a potential marker for persistent hrHPV infection.<\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold> \n \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. load and the NanH1<\/jats:italic> gene are associated with hrHPV persistence.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold> To compare the cervicovaginal load of \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. and the frequency of the NanH1<\/jats:italic> gene between women with persistent HPV16 and\/or HPV18 infection and those who cleared the infection after 11\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Among a population of 1638 HPV screened, we detected 104 with positive HPV16 and\/or HPV18 results. Samples were obtained at two time points (baseline and at a median of 11\u2009months at follow-up) and tested using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping kit (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA). Based on their HPV16\/HPV18 status at enrolment and follow-up, participants were assigned to \u2018persistence\u2019 or \u2018clearance\u2019 groups. We used cervicovaginal fluid samples obtained upon enrolment to determine the load of the 23\u2009s rRNA gene of \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. and the presence of the NanH1<\/jats:italic> gene using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We compared \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. loads and NanH1<\/jats:italic> frequency between the groups by, respectively, Mann\u2013Whitney and chi-squared tests, with a P<\/jats:italic>-value <0.05 considered to be significant.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold> Of the 104 participants who were positive for HPV16\/HPV18, 73 (70.2\u200a%) persisted with at least 1 of the baseline genotypes at follow-up, while 31 (29.8\u200a%) cleared the infection in this time frame. Participants in the persistence group had significantly higher loads of \n \n Gardnerella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. [5.8E+02 (0\u20133.0E+05) copies \u00b5l\u22121<\/jats:sup>] than those in the clearance group [9.9E+01 (0\u20137.7E+04) copies \u00b5l\u22121<\/jats:sup>] (P<\/jats:italic>=0.03). The baseline frequency of NanH1<\/jats:italic> was higher in the persistence\u2019 (n<\/jats:italic>=46, 63.0\u200a%) than in the clearance (n<\/jats:italic>=14, 45.2\u200a%) group, although this was not statistically significant (P<\/jats:italic>=0.09).<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> These findings reinforce the negative effect of vaginal microbiota for the clearance of hrHPV and indicate a possible association between sialidase-producing species with hrHPV persistence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T17:16:26Z","timestamp":1652807786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cervicovaginal loads of Gardnerella spp. are increased in immunocompetent women with persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5474-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Belleti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Doddi","family":"Marcolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliano","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Sanit\u00e1 Tafner","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"do Nascimento Bolpetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Vitor","family":"da Silva Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Palmeira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Guimar\u00e3es","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Pathology, Setor de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, UFPR, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70158-5"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.033"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.04.002"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1446-x"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0b013e3182288104"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-419x(96)00020-0"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021641"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003479"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22527"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025493"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24169"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079260"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-1108","article-title":"Early natural history of incident, type-specific uman papillomavirus infections in newly sexually active young women","volume":"20","author":"Winer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12170"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg171"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.11.005"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)01063-5"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050616"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(55)90095-8"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146510"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00583-20"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-008-9183-z"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06517.x"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183594.45524.d2"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000516"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462991914438"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.453654"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.278135"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006221"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.05.016"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.12.061"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.07.020"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011371"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000972"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.006"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2012.011342"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3048-y"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09842-6"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33750-y"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008376"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15856-y"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.05.015"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-10"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/319460"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003605"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu330"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001527?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T17:16:33Z","timestamp":1652807793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001527","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}}}