{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:19:06Z","timestamp":1791566346688,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009579","name":"Health Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20PJ163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20PJ163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JSZX2018006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSZX2018006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> The emergence of resistance to fluconazole in <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> has made the clinical treatment of this microbe difficult. A potential strategy to address this problem involves diminishing fungal resistance to antimicrobial drugs.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold> Berberine hydrochloride (BH), the primary active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Coptis, inhibits the growth of fluconazole-resistant <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> through its action on the high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG-MAPK) pathway.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> To examine the effect of BH on the HOG-MAPK pathway to assess the potential molecular mechanism by which BH inhibits fluconazole-resistant <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BH to fluconazole-resistant <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was measured using the broth microdilution approach to determine the concentration of effective drug intervention. Changes in physiological functions regulated by the HOG-MAPK pathway in response to BH treatment were measured, as well as the expression of central signalling pathway genes and key downstream factors by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> BH inhibited fluconazole-resistant <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and the sensitivity to fluconazole increased after BH treatment. At a concentration of 256 and 64 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> BH may affect key downstream factors that regulate several physiological functions of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> by upregulating the core genes expression of <jats:italic>SLN1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>SSK2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HOG1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PBS2<\/jats:italic> in the HOG-MAPK pathway. Upregulation of <jats:italic>GPD1<\/jats:italic>, the key gene for glycerol synthesis, increased cell osmotic pressure. BH treatment increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by upregulating the expression of the key respiratory metabolism gene <jats:italic>ATP11<\/jats:italic> and downregulating the expression of the superoxide dismutase gene <jats:italic>SOD2<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, downregulation of mycelial-specific <jats:italic>HWP1<\/jats:italic> hindered the morphological transformation of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and inhibition of the chitin synthase gene <jats:italic>CHS3<\/jats:italic> and the \u03b2-(1,3) glucan synthase gene <jats:italic>GSC1<\/jats:italic> impaired cytoderm integrity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> BH affects multiple target genes in diminishing the resistance of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> strains to fluconazole. This effect may be related to the action of BH on the HOG-MAPK pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T16:17:25Z","timestamp":1654791445000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of berberine hydrochloride against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China"},{"name":"West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyan","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 610075, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4813-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.04.001"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16498\/j.cnki.hnnykx.2017.011.033"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33203-6"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00589-08"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e07-06-0581"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-06-0501"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-019-00069-1"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02133"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13499"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E12-06-0477"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.023309-0"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00135"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.08.021"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001226"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04706-3"},{"key":"R16","first-page":"20","article-title":"Berberine: a traditional natural product with novel biological activities","volume":"26","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24748"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.03.003"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02818693"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.3531"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01498"},{"key":"R22","volume-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts. 4th ed. 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