{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1782370756855,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Plants have been used as medicines for centuries to treat human diseases. Studies with plants are extremely important for the development of future drugs that can benefit the human population.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> With the emergence of pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents, there is an urgent need to direct research towards the discovery of new antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> In this study, <jats:italic>Spondias purpurea<\/jats:italic> L. (Anacardiaceae) was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the MIC using the 96-well plate microdilution technique of ethanolic, hexanic and dicloromethanic extracts of dried <jats:italic>S. purpurea<\/jats:italic> leaves against bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. The antioxidant activity of extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. To evaluate the safety of extracts, a cytotoxicity study against HaCat, J774 and HepG2 cells was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> The extracts had no activity against the bacteria at the maximum concentration of 5.0\u2009mg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, but showed fungistatic action against <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species and dermatophytes. The ethanolic extract showed 88\u200a% antioxidant activity and showed no significant cytotoxicity against the previously mentioned cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This study showed that the 100\u200a% ethanolic (EtOH) extract was favourable for antifungal and antioxidant activities and did not present significant cytotoxicity against the three studied cell lines, indicating that <jats:italic>S. purpurea<\/jats:italic> leaves are promising for the development of new antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T16:16:31Z","timestamp":1663085791000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimicrobial activity: potential of Spondias purpurea (Anacardiaceae) against bacterial and fungal species"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9365-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Emboaba","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, Km 1, CEP 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-0840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Raquel","family":"Greatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, Km 1, CEP 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0920-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Sorrechia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Ja\u00fa, Km 1, CEP 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7859-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemeire C. 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