{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:06:53Z","timestamp":1759010813518,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> (STEC) O157:H7 has been the most clinically significant STEC serotype in the UK for over four decades. Over the last 10\u2009years we have observed a decrease in STEC O157:H7 and an increase in non-O157 STEC serotypes, such as O145:H28.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> Little is known about the microbiology and epidemiology of STEC belonging to CC32 (including O145:H28) in the UK. The aim of this study was to integrate genomic data with patient information to gain a better understanding of the virulence, disease severity, epidemic risk assessment and population structure of this clinically significant clonal complex.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> Isolates of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> belonging to CC32 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=309) in the archives of public health agencies in the UK and Ireland were whole-genome-sequenced, virulence-profiled and integrated with enhanced surveillance questionnaire (ESQ) data, including exposures and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Overall, diagnoses of STEC belonging to CC32 (290\/309, 94\u200a%) in the UK have increased every year since 2014. Most cases were female (61\u200a%), and the highest proportion of cases belonged to the 0\u20134 age group (53\/211,25\u200a%). The frequency of symptoms of diarrhoea (92\u200a%), abdominal pain (84\u200a%), blood in stool (71\u200a%) and nausea (51\u200a%) was similar to that reported in cases of STEC O157:H7, although cases of STEC CC32 were more frequently admitted to hospital (STEC CC32 48\u200a% vs O157:H7\u200a\u200a34\u200a%) and\/or developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) (STEC CC32 9\u200a% vs O157:H7 4\u200a%).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The majority of STEC isolates (268\/290, 92\u200a%) had the <jats:italic>stx2a<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic> virulence gene combination, most commonly associated with progression to STEC HUS. There was evidence of person-to-person transmission and small, temporally related, geographically dispersed outbreaks, characteristic of foodborne outbreaks linked to nationally distributed products.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> We recommend more widespread use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of all STEC serogroups, the development of consistent strategies for the follow-up testing of PCR-positive faecal specimens, the implementation of more comprehensive and standardized collection of epidemiological data, and routine sharing of sequencing data between public health agencies worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T18:16:11Z","timestamp":1660932971000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal complex 32, including serotype O145:H28, in the UK and 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