{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:34:50Z","timestamp":1792553690978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the immunocompromised host. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles vary across \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. and vary within Australia as well as worldwide. Knowledge of local susceptibility patterns is important in informing appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>\n \n Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> This is the largest study to date in Australia that correlates antimicrobial susceptibility profiles with molecular identification of \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> species. It is the first study that examines isolates from multiple institutions across the state of Victoria, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold> To investigate the species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. isolates referred to the Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory (MRL) in Victoria, Australia from 2009 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold> We conducted a retrospective review of \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> spp. isolates which were identified using molecular sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standardized broth microdilution method with Sensititre RAPMYCO1 plates. Species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold> In total, 414 \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> isolates were identified to 27 species levels, the majority originating from the respiratory tract (n<\/jats:italic>=336, 81.2\u200a%). \n \n N. nova<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic>=147, 35.5\u200a%) was the most frequently isolated, followed by \n \n N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> (n<\/jats:italic>=75, 18.1\u200a%). Species distribution varied by isolate source, with \n \n N. farcinica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> and \n \n N. paucivorans<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> found more commonly from sterile sites. Linezolid and amikacin had the highest proportion of susceptible isolates (100 and 99% respectively), while low susceptibility rates were detected for ceftriaxone (59\u200a%) and imipenem (41\u200a%). Susceptibility to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole varied by species (0\u2013100\u200a%).<\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> This is the largest study to date in Australia of \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. \n \n N. farcinica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> and \n \n N. paucivorans<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> were more likely to be isolated from sterile sites, while \n \n N. brasiliensis<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> and N. otitidiscvarium<\/jats:italic> were more likely to be isolated from skin and soft tissue. First line therapeutic antimicrobial recommendations by local guidelines were not necessarily reflective of the in vitro<\/jats:italic> susceptibility of \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> isolates in this study, with high susceptibility detected for linezolid and amikacin, but poor susceptibility demonstrated for ceftriaxone and imipenem. Profiles for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole varied across different \n \n Nocardia<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic> species, warranting ongoing susceptibility testing for targeted clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T14:16:59Z","timestamp":1660745819000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of referred Nocardia isolates in Victoria, Australia 2009\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious 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