{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T11:14:21Z","timestamp":1771067661612,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K09849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K09849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> A diverse microbiota including fungi exists in the subgingival sites of patients with chronic periodontitis. The cell wall of <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, the most abundant fungal species, contains \u03b2-glucan. Dectin-1 binds \u03b2-glucan and participates in fungal recognition.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap statement.<\/jats:bold> Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are present in the periodontal ligament and synthesize immunomodulatory cytokines that influence the local response to infections. However, the expression and role of Dectin-1 in PDLFs have not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to determine if PDLFs express Dectin-1 and induce innate immune responses through Dectin-1 and the signalling molecule Syk.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> The expression of Dectin-1 in PDLFs was determined by flow cytometry, western blotting and confocal microscopy. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the immune response of PDLFs stimulated with \u03b2-glucan-rich zymosan and <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Dectin-1 was constitutively expressed in PDLFs. Zymosan induced the expression of cytokines, including <jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL1B<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL17A<\/jats:italic>, and the chemokine <jats:italic>IL8<\/jats:italic>. Zymosan also induced the expression of the antimicrobial peptide \u03b2-defensin-1 (<jats:italic>DEFB1<\/jats:italic>). Further, the phosphorylation of Syk and NF-\u03baB occurred upon Dectin-1 activation. Notably, heat-killed <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> induced the expression of <jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL17A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL8<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DEFB1<\/jats:italic>, and this activation was suppressed by the Syk inhibitor, R406.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> These findings indicate that the Dectin-1\/Syk pathway induces an innate immune response of PDLFs, which may facilitate the control of oral infections such as candidiasis and periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T16:21:15Z","timestamp":1671207675000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Innate immune response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts via the Dectin-1\/Syk 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