{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:39:44Z","timestamp":1787243984908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are the most recurrent adverse event in hospitals worldwide and represent an important public health problem.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Gap statement.<\/jats:bold>\n There are a paucity of multicentric data describing severe HAIs such as bloodstream infection (BSI) and pneumonia in Brazil.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n To provide an up-to-date picture of the extent and patterns of HAIs in adult intensive care units (ICUs), as well as to identify variables associated with the risk of development of severe infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n Point prevalence surveys were conducted using standardized protocols in 35 ICUs from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Medical records of eligible inpatients at or before 8 am on the survey day were reviewed to identify HAIs present at the time of the survey. A matched-pairs case\u2013control study was performed on a total of 66 pairs for BSI and 115 pairs for pneumonia according to the selection criteria developed.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n Overall, 171\u2009patients (45.7%) had at least one HAI, with most (78.4%) acquired in the ICU. These patients presented a total of 240 infections; including 123 pneumonia (51.3%) and 66 BSI (27.5%), and 78.9 and 80.3\u200a%, respectively, were acquired in the ICU. Their aetiology showed a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria versus Gram-positive bacteria (48.9 versus 43.3\u200a%), with\n \n \n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (13.7%) and\n \n \n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (12.8%) being prominent. One striking observation from our data was the higher prevalence of\n \n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (14.5%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (10.2%) observed in the overall HAIs.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n A high severe ICU-acquired HAI burden was found when compared with findings from other low- and middle-income countries. 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