{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:42:56Z","timestamp":1773366176913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["210471250745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210471250745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016270","name":"Global Challenges Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BBS\/OS\/GC\/000009D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/OS\/GC\/000009D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002906","name":"Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20150360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20150360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background.<\/jats:bold>\n \n \n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n \n \n enterica<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n serovar Typhimurium (\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium) has been linked to outbreaks of foodborne gastroenteritis disease, and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant clones. In Colombia, laboratory surveillance of\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n spp. between 1997\u20132018 revealed that\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium was the most ubiquitous serovar (27.6\u200a% of all\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates), with increasing levels of resistance to several families of antibiotics.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold>\n Resistant isolates of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium recovered from human clinical, food and swine samples carry class 1 integrons that are linked to antimicrobial resistance genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n Identify class 1 integrons, and investigate their association with other mobile genetic elements, and their relationship to the antimicrobial resistance of Colombian\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n In this study, 442 isolates of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium were analysed, of which 237 were obtained from blood culture, 151 from other clinical sources, 4 from non-clinical sources and 50 from swine samples. Class 1 integrons and plasmid incompatibility groups were analysed by PCR and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and regions flanking integrons were identified by WGS. The phylogenetic relationship was established by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distances for 30 clinical isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n \n .<\/jats:bold>\n <\/jats:italic>\n Overall, 39\u200a% (153\/392) of the human clinical isolates and 22\u200a% (11\/50) of the swine\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium isolates carried complete class 1 integrons. Twelve types of gene cassette arrays were identified, including\n dfr7-aac-bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-2<\/jats:sub>\n (Int1-Col1), which was the most common one in human clinical isolates (75.2\u200a%, 115\/153). Human clinical and swine isolates that carried class 1 integrons were resistant to up to five and up to three antimicrobial families, respectively. The Int1-Col1 integron was most prevalent in stool isolates and was associated with Tn\n 21<\/jats:italic>\n . The most common plasmid incompatibility group was IncA\/C.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n The widespread presence of the IntI1-Col1 integron in Colombia since 1997 was striking. A possible relationship between integrons, source and mobile elements that favour the spread of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Colombian\n S<\/jats:italic>\n . Typhimurium was identified.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T11:20:04Z","timestamp":1686309604000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Class 1 integrons in clinical and swine industry isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium from Colombia, dating 1997 to 2017"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy Yaneth","family":"Fl\u00f3rez-Delgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Antonio Nari\u00f1o, Calle 58a #37\u201394, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Noelia","family":"Ubillus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Ni\u00f1o San Borja, Av. Javier Prado Este 3101, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2891-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Perez-Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyda Lizeth","family":"Ospina-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Karina","family":"Carrascal-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Semillero de Inocuidad Alimentaria, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Ambiental e Industrial, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40\u201362, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8978-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iliana C.","family":"Chamorro-Tobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Semillero de Inocuidad Alimentaria, Grupo de Biotecnolog\u00eda Ambiental e Industrial, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40\u201362, Bogot\u00e1 D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0083-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy Angeline","family":"Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana","family":"Zapata-Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay C. D.","family":"Hinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogot\u00e1, Av. Cr. 30 No. 45\u201330, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular de las Micobacterias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogot\u00e1, Av. Cr. 30 No. 45\u201330, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Avenida calle 26 No. 51\u201320 \u2013 Zona 6 CAN, Bogot\u00e1, D.C., Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.07.004"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"31562022","article-title":"The global burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"60","year":"2018"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31826df662"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0787"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3563-1"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-34"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.5077"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145416"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30705-3"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.091017.109"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101136"},{"key":"R13","article-title":"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance","year":"2015"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0019-2014"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06588.x"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2016.02.023"},{"key":"R18","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Instituto Nacional de Salud. Informe de Vigilancia Por Laboratorio de Salmonella Spp.: \u201cColombia 1997 - 2018","year":"2019"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.269"},{"key":"R20","article-title":"Gu\u00eda para la vigilancia por laboratorio de Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda (EDA) y Enfermedad Transmitida por Alimentos (ETA) de origen bacteriano","year":"2017"},{"key":"R21","first-page":"1","volume-title":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella, 9","author":"Grimont","year":"2007"},{"key":"R22","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Supplement M100. 27th ed","year":"2017"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/588608"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.16-0085"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh435"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn201"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02536-3"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1017"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1037"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp105"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104984"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000093"},{"key":"R36","volume-title":"SPSS Para Windows: Programaci\u00f3n y An\u00e1lisis Estad\u00edstico","author":"Ferr\u00e1n Aranaz","year":"1996"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.02.002"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2008.09.001"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx070"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1993.1228"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061189.x"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl242"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009440"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0736"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00153.x"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00883.x"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.081131"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-11-2855"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01467.x"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-12-3015"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01667.x"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.5.1574-1585.1992"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.03.005"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics3030398"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.04.014"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-59"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl515"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.6.689"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9050256"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01300"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.04.020"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0509-3"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0810"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.1.11"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5675-5682.2001"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03821-15"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0516-2"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077644"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023415"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01634.x"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.006"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/mge.22967"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv339"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.020"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1409.09041"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600301"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.6.1568-1574.2000"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-17378\/v1"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02455-14"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002778"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08866.x"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22354\/in.v22i2.717"},{"key":"R83","first-page":"56","article-title":"Caracterizaci\u00f3n del riesgo de contaminaci\u00f3n Por actividades pecuarias en el r\u00edo Molinos, Villamar\u00eda (Caldas, Colombia)","volume":"6","author":"Agudelo-Londo\u00f1o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinaria y Zootecn\u00eda"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.23.003350"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5366-5371.2003"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.02.022"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1823-1829.2005"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00835-08"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1305-1308.2001"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-9"},{"key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.03.018"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-264"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001704?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T11:20:13Z","timestamp":1686309613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001704","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.02.14.22270819","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]}}}