{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:51:12Z","timestamp":1768531872149,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection that is responsible for approximately 9\u201327\u200a% of otitis externa. However, fungal communities in otomycosis are varied, but <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. are the most common causes of this infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis Statement.<\/jats:bold> The multiplex PCR assay is postulated to be able to directly detect more than one fungal genus in cerumen specimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to develop and evaluate the role of the multiplex PCR assay in detecting the most common genus of fungi that cause otomycosis directly from the cerumen specimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> To detect <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> genera, three pairs of primers, including pan-fungal, pan-<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>, and pan-<jats:italic>Aspergillus\/Penicillium<\/jats:italic>, were used in a multiplex PCR. In order to evaluate the performance and reproducibility of the multiplex PCR. the cerumen of 140\u2009patients suspected of otomycosis were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Pan-<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and pan-<jats:italic>Aspergillus\/Penicillium<\/jats:italic> primers were designed to amplify the ITS1\u20135.8S\u2013ITS2 region and the \u03b2-tubulin gene, respectively. In the multiplex PCR assay, 64 (47.40\u200a%) and 118 (87.40\u200a%) specimens were positive with pan-<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and pan-<jats:italic>Aspergillus\/Penicillium<\/jats:italic> primers, respectively. Double amplicon bands of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> were obtained in 51 (37.77\u200a%) specimens. In the culture method, yeast (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=18, 13.33\u200a%) and mould (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=117, 86.66\u200a%) were isolated from 135 cerumen specimens. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the multiplex PCR assays using culture method results as the gold standard were determined to be 94, 33, 97, and 22\u200a%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> In our study, multiplex PCR assays enabled simultaneous detection of two common genera of the causative agent of otomycosis in a cerumen specimen. Regarding the high sensitivity of the first step of the multiplex PCR assay, this assay may be used for the direct detection of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> genera in other clinical specimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T14:16:42Z","timestamp":1692973002000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular strategy for the direct detection and identification of the most common fungal community in cerumen specimens by multiplex PCR"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jabrodini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 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