{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:37:37Z","timestamp":1789731457029,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> The northern region of Thailand serves as a crucial area for swine production, contributing to the Thai community food supply. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of foodborne bacterial pathogens originating from swine farms in this region, posing a threat to both human and animal health.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap statement.<\/jats:bold> Multiple swine bacterial pathogens have been studied at a species level, but the distribution and co-occurrence of bacterial pathogens in agricultural swine has not been well established.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> Our study employed the intestinal scraping technique to directly examine the bacterial micro-organisms interacting with the swine host.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyse the bacterial pathogens inhabiting the caecal microbiome of swine from five commercial farms in northern Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> A variety of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria were identified, including <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3093\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.3901\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.6188\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Corynebacterium<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> genus. From a One Health perspective, these species are important foodborne and opportunistic pathogens in both humans and agricultural animals, making swine a critical pathogen reservoir that can cause illness in humans, especially farm workers. Additionally, the swine caecal microbiome contains commensal bacteria such as <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7677\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Bifidobacterium<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5320\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.4088\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Faecalibacterium<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, which are associated with normal physiology and feed utilization in healthy swine. Antimicrobial resistance genes were also detected in all samples, specifically conferring resistance to tetracycline and aminoglycosides, which have historically been used extensively in swine farming.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> The findings further support the need for improved sanitation standards in swine farms, and additional monitoring of agricultural animals and farm workers to reduce contamination and improved produce safety for human consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T14:16:41Z","timestamp":1705501001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Commercial farmed swine harbour a variety of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-661X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanaporn","family":"Eiamsam-ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pakpoom","family":"Tadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songphon","family":"Buddhasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0135-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phongsakorn","family":"Chuammitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0601-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nattinee","family":"Kittiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), Hang Chat, Lampang, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6376-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Istitute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7690-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prapas","family":"Patchanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.873"},{"key":"R2","article-title":"Pig production in Thailand","author":"Tantasuparuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Country Report"},{"key":"R3","article-title":"Livestock pig production and market trend 2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"R4","article-title":"Number of farmers and animal populations 2022","year":"2023"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9700"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.161"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0269-6"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.12"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00032"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4765-4774.1998"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01688"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.601407"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2109.09038"},{"key":"R14","article-title":"One Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01319-7"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01300-y"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269959"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02684-20"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27427"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00139"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270372"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00803"},{"key":"R23","first-page":"370","volume-title":"FastQC. A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.213959.116"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7359"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq275"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts565"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.104"},{"key":"R33","article-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","author":"Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.11.006"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"R36","article-title":"ABRicate: mass screening of contigs for antibiotic resistance genes","author":"Seemann","year":"2016"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.12.002"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102122"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21295-0"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01546"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.885253"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006280"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-023-01562-w"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252313000170"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56808\/2985-1130.2625"},{"key":"R46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perspectives on antimicrobial use in pig and layer farms in Thailand: legislation, policy, regulations and potential","volume":"19","author":"Nuangmek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Integr Sci"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.017"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S74795"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-021-00535-6"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-020-00381-y"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.018"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00305-11"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01777-14"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evx037"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232456"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.169672"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4010034"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9534.1"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70179-8"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i36.4532"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.118"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00169"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-07"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603249103"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1704-9"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2015.11.005"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-019-0347-1"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1070340"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2019.100058"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/180682"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000882"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00301-0"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14760"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02214-15"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2022.100882"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73552"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00865-9"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7030110"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13619"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01272-5"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-8-229"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26141-x"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00167-22"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001787?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1705501008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001787","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]}}}