{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:33:02Z","timestamp":1788910382528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012476","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NO.2042022kf1096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2042022kf1096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012476","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold> Anti-fungal agents are increasingly becoming less effective due to the development of resistance. In addition, it is difficult to treat <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> organisms that form biofilms due to a lack of ability of drugs to penetrate the biofilms. We are attempting to assess the effect of a new therapeutic agent, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylcysteine (NAC), on adhesion and biofilm formation in <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> clinical strains. Meanwhile, to detect the transcription level changes of adhesion and biofilm formation-associated genes (<jats:italic>CpALS6, CpALS7, CpEFG1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpBCR1<\/jats:italic>) when administrated with NAC in <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> strains, furthermore, to explore the mechanism of drug interference on biofilms.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap statement.<\/jats:bold> N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits certain inhibitory effects on adhesion and biofilm formation in C. parapsilosis clinical strains from CRBSIs through: (1) down-regulating the expression of the CpEFG1 gene, making it a highly potential candidate for the treatment of C. parapsilosis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), (2) regulating the metabolism and biofilm -forming factors of cell structure.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold> To determine whether non-antifungal agents can exhibit inhibitory effects on adhesion, amounts of total biofilm formation and metabolic activities of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> isolates from candidemia patients, NAC was added to the yeast suspensions at different concentrations, respectively. Reverse transcription was used to detect the transcriptional levels of adhesion-related genes (<jats:italic>CpALS6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpALS7<\/jats:italic>) and biofilm formation-related factors (<jats:italic>CpEFG1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpBCR1<\/jats:italic>) in the <jats:italic>BCR1<\/jats:italic> knockout strain, CP7 and CP5 clinical strains in the presence of NAC. To further explore the mechanism of NAC on the biofilms of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>, RNA sequencing was used to calculate gene expression, comparing the differences among samples. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis helps to illustrate the difference between two particular samples on functional levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> A high concentration of NAC reduces the total amount of biofilm formation in <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>. Following co-incubation with NAC, the expression of <jats:italic>CpEFG1<\/jats:italic> in both CP7 and CP5 clinical strains decreased, while there were no significant changes in the transcriptional levels of <jats:italic>CpBCR1<\/jats:italic> compared with the untreated strain. GO enrichment analysis showed that the metabolism and biofilm-forming factors of cell structure were all regulated after NAC intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> The non-antifungal agent NAC exhibits certain inhibitory effects on clinical isolate biofilm formation by down-regulating the expression of the <jats:italic>CpEFG1<\/jats:italic> gene, making it a highly potential candidate for the treatment of <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> catheter-related bloodstream infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1720005388000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The role of N-acetylcysteine on adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida parapsilosis isolated from catheter-related candidemia"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-shu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sha-sha","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, 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