{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:09:51Z","timestamp":1771481391930,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University","award":["ynkt2019006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ynkt2019006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold> Peri-implantitis is a plaque-associated disease that leads to implant loss and arises from bacterial biofilms on the surface of the implant. Smoking is a risk factor for peri-implantitis and impedes treatment effectiveness. Additionally, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), IL\u22126, and IL-22 levels are related to peri-implantitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> We aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on inflammatory response, bacterial growth and biofilm formation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> We hypothesized that nicotine promoted pathogenic bacterial growth and biofilm formation, thereby aggravating inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> The expression of AHR, IL-6 and IL-22 was measured in peri-implant sulci fluid using quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. The cementum was incubated with bacterial suspension including <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> and treated with 100, 200, 250 and 300\u2009\u00b5g\u2009ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> nicotine, and then, the absorbance and number of colony-forming units were detected. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the tissue culture plate method and safranin O staining. Carbohydrates and proteins were measured by the phenol\u2013sulfuric acid method and the bicinchoninic acid method, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> The results indicated that smoking increased the levels of AHR, IL-6 and IL-22. Functionally, nicotine promoted the growth of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, it promoted the biofilm formation of these bacteria and increased the contents of carbohydrates and proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Nicotine promoted bacterial growth and biofilm build-up, suggesting that smoking may aggravate the progression of peri-implantitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T12:18:19Z","timestamp":1727957899000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nicotine promotes pathogenic bacterial growth and biofilm formation in peri-implant"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifen","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dahai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12334"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12954"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110835"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12562"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03636-9"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11038-7_4"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12953"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040765","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1040765","article-title":"Smoking by altering the peri-implant microbial community structure compromises the responsiveness to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041056"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12458"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826889","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.826889","article-title":"Nicotine in inflammatory diseases: anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02395-14"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2012.00971.x"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.06.026"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12917"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.6.996-1006.1985"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2023.115329"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780802549594"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt.10.35"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03435-w"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.001"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.08.024"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1770"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1767"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08789-3"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4089"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12846"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.08.006"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127434"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12372"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.16140"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509346811"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329667"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02575","article-title":"Nicotine enhances staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by altering the bacterial autolysis, extracellular DNA releasing, and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin production","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.737378"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13114"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202152891"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09761-z"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170123"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12007"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w08-032"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-012-1212-8"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020445"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00791-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001897?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T12:18:23Z","timestamp":1727957903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.001897","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}}}