{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:39:51Z","timestamp":1775749191085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011099","name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81281918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81281918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> The health system in Sierra Leone has limited infrastructure to provide data on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and to inform clinical decision-making. The diagnostic and research laboratory capacity at Masanga Teaching Hospital was systematically expanded with microbiology infrastructure-building as one of the centrepieces.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective.<\/jats:bold> This study aims to report the spectrum of bacterial pathogens from bloodstream infections (BSIs) in a rural hospital in Sierra Leone during the first year after the implementation of a blood culture infrastructure and characterize the detected antimicrobial resistances.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Patients and methods.<\/jats:bold> Patients treated at Masanga Hospital (Sierra Leone, March 2023\u2013March 2024) were included in this database analysis if they were tested for BSI (BD BACTEC). Demographic and medical data were recorded for each patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done following EUCAST clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Of the 340 blood cultures, 34 (10%) were positive for obligate pathogens. The three most frequent pathogens were <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=8), followed by <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic> complex (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=7) and <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=5). Almost all <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=3\/3) and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=7\/8) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. All four <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> isolates were methicillin susceptible (<jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic> negative). Carbapenem resistance was detected in <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> complex (<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                  <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>)<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> The proportion of positive blood cultures with obligate pathogens (10%) was within the suggested benchmark (5\u201315%). Gram-negative bacteria dominated the pathogen spectrum of BSI with high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T16:16:33Z","timestamp":1747066593000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bloodstream infections in a rural hospital in Sierra Leone: a retrospective database study"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Henning","family":"Rottmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University M\u00fcnster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana D.","family":"Olaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University M\u00fcnster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Marx","family":"Kanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam"},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Theiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University M\u00fcnster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam M.","family":"Kargbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kalkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam"},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine & Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales (CERMEL), Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon"},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Schaumburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University M\u00fcnster, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. 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