{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T19:50:36Z","timestamp":1782589836738,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n                  <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> species colonizing the human oropharynx and gastrointestinal and urogenital tract are associated with a wide range of infections. The isolation of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> spp. from sterile clinical samples is regarded as significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold> Increased use of advanced diagnostics has caused an increased detection of <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> in the bloodstream, the clinical significance of which is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> To investigate the clinical factors associated with true <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia that could aid in differentiating it from transient <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold> We conducted a retrospective study of all inpatients with <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia from two tertiary care centres from 1 January 2006 to 26 September 2021. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, primary source of infection and outcomes. True bacteraemia was defined as <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia with systemic manifestations of infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> A total of 82\u2009cases of positive blood cultures were identified, of which 33 (40.2%) were true bacteraemia, based on clinical criteria. Patients with true bacteraemia were more likely to be older (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.007), have chronic skin ulcers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), have a history of central line placement within 3\u2009months of their presentation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.04), have had a fever within 72\u2009h of admission (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.05) and have presented with an abscess (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) compared with patients with transient bacteraemia. True bacteraemia was more likely to be associated with positive tissue cultures (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.02) and an infectious disease consultation than transient bacteraemia. Skin and soft tissue (27.3%) was the most common source followed by intra-abdominal (21.1%). Among true bacteraemia, the most common species was <jats:italic>Actinomyces meyeri<\/jats:italic> with a ratio of 1:8 (transient versus true bacteraemia). All-cause mortality was 30.3% in patients with true bacteraemia compared with 4.1% in patients with transient bacteraemia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Predictors of true <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia included older age, fever within 72\u2009h of admission, presence of abscess and chronic skin disease. <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> species exhibit varying degrees of invasiveness, with <jats:italic>A. meyeri<\/jats:italic> potentially showing higher invasive potential. Better awareness and involvement of infectious disease specialists is recommended in determining the clinical significance of transient <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> bacteraemia and can help implement antibiotic stewardship and patient safety and improve outcomes. Further research will help to identify the true importance of these isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T16:15:44Z","timestamp":1749053744000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors for true Actinomyces bacteraemia"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1232-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Henry Ford St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Szpunar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Investigations and Research, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Tanveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Henry Ford St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arcobello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Detroit Medical Center\/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Revankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Detroit Medical Center\/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6326-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Mackey Center for Infectious Disease Research, Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Henry Ford St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 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