{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:33:56Z","timestamp":1789810436102,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 32 <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> isolates were collected during a recent large cholera outbreak in Eastern India. Biochemical and serological studies revealed that all of the isolates belonged to serogroup O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and pathogenic genes \u2013 <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ctxAB<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ompU<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ompW<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rfbO1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>rtx<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tcp<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>zot<\/jats:italic> \u2013 in all of the isolates. Sequencing of the <jats:italic>ctxB<\/jats:italic> gene from the isolates revealed a novel mutation in the gene. Sequencing also confirmed the presence of altered cholera toxin B of the classical biotype in all of the El Tor isolates, suggesting infection of isolates by classical CTX\u03a6. The molecular diversity of <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> isolates studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR, BOX-PCR and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis uniformly showed the clonal relationship among the outbreak <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 isolates. The results of this study suggest that cholera-causing <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains are constantly evolving in epidemic areas, highlighting the potential of the emergence of more virulent strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002089-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,13]],"date-time":"2009-01-13T21:08:39Z","timestamp":1231880919000},"page":"234-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["A large cholera outbreak due to a new cholera toxin variant of the Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype in Orissa, Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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