{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T13:19:49Z","timestamp":1763558389314,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015501","name":"Qu\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Vingroup","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["VINIF.2022.TS090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINIF.2022.TS090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n The\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n genes encode the CagA and VacA proteins, which are the two main toxins of\n Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n . Regardless of whether the illness is benign or malignant, the majority of Asian\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n strains are\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (\n +<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1 (\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n signal region 1 allele); hence, these genotypes cannot account for the severity of gastroduodenal disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Gap statement.<\/jats:bold>\n The\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n gene encodes the important adhesin BabA of\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n , which is crucial for persistent colonization and facilitates the translocation of CagA into host gastric epithelial cells. The synergic interaction of toxins, including CagA, VacA and BabA, could significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n . The investigation of\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n genes in clinical\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n isolates in Asian nations, particularly Vietnam, is insufficient.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n To investigate the\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes to further understand their synergistic interaction in the development of gastroduodenal disease in Vietnamese populations.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted on 169\u2009\n H<\/jats:italic>\n .\n pylori<\/jats:italic>\n strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal disease. The PCR assays were performed to determine the\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes on DNA extracted from cultured\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n The research showed that the percentage of the\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+),\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+),\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m1 and\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m2 was 87.6%, 73.4%, 52.1% and 44.4%, respectively. The frequencies of\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m1 and\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m2 combinations were 44.4% and 28.4\u200a%, respectively. The\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m2 combination was associated with peptic ulcer disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=5.53, 95\u200a%\u2009confidence interval (CI) 1.09\u201328.16,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.039] in male patients and chronic gastritis with precancerous lesions (aOR=5.31, 95\u200a%\u2009CI 1.23\u201322.89,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.025) in female patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n The\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m1 and\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+)\/\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m2 combinations were found to be quite prevalent among Vietnamese\n H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n strains. The synergistic effect of\n cagA<\/jats:italic>\n (+),\n babA2<\/jats:italic>\n (+) and\n vacA<\/jats:italic>\n s1m2 in increasing the odds of both peptic ulcer disease and gastric precancerous lesions has been observed.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:18:26Z","timestamp":1763479106000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA and babA2 genotypes and gastroduodenal diseases: a cross-sectional study from the Mekong Delta of Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6723-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Hong Nhung","family":"Thai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thai Hoa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Mai Ngan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3803-9472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Minh Thi","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Hue 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