{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T08:20:09Z","timestamp":1763972409639,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030815","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n The abnormal proliferation of\n Cutibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n , a human skin commensal bacterium, aggravates acne. Prompt and aggressive treatment of acne in its initial stages is essential because of the increased psychological distress experienced by patients. Over-the-counter medications containing disinfectants are sometimes used to treat acne because they are widely available, exhibit broad-spectrum activity and have a likelihood of causing resistance.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Gap statement.<\/jats:bold>\n Limited information is available regarding the bactericidal effects of disinfectants against\n C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n In the present study, we comprehensively evaluated the efficacy of various disinfectants.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n ATCC6919 and eight clinical isolates with different genotypes obtained from patients with acne were used. Benzethonium, chlorhexidine, resorcinol, homosulfamine, isopropyl methylphenol and olanexidine were used as disinfectants. The bactericidal activity of these disinfectants against\n C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n was assessed using a time\u2013kill kinetic assay. Three independent experiments were conducted to ensure reproducibility of the results.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n Benzethonium, chlorhexidine, isopropyl methylphenol and olanexidine exhibited high efficacy. However, under\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n acne conditions, with the addition of artificial sebum, the bactericidal efficacy of the disinfectants was significantly reduced. However, olanexidine retained bactericidal activity at concentrations as low as 0.2%, comparable with that at 1.5%.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n This study showed that the disinfectants benzethonium, isopropyl methylphenol, chlorhexidine and olanexidine have high bactericidal activity against\n C. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n . In particular, olanexidine demonstrated a strong bactericidal effect even under\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n acne conditions. Further\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n validation is required to determine whether olanexidine could be a new treatment option for managing acne.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:17:04Z","timestamp":1763641024000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro efficacy of disinfectants against Cutibacterium acnes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Koyo","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Seyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Gifu 501-1196, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-8257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Nakaminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.157"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.137"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.02.006"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200102030-00002"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13919"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14355"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.01.012"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.09.013"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_154_19"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S272334"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2022.02.017"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S80467"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05048-14"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12699"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13913"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104199"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00821"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00468.x"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000397"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2847"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.003274"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000462"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-023-00604-0"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002100?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T08:17:21Z","timestamp":1763972241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-2615"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-5644"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}}}