{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:00:57Z","timestamp":1770274857212,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China","award":["YN2022QN09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2022QN09"]}]},{"name":"the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Foundation, China","award":["2023A03J0225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A03J0225"]}]},{"name":"the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, China","award":["2023B1212060062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212060062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n The increasing resistance and the pathogen\u2019s complex multi-drug resistance mechanisms made the selection of effective antimicrobial treatments more challenging for\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n ). The study aimed to explore the effect of\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on the virulence factors of\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Hypothesis.<\/jats:bold>\n Previous studies have shown that extracts from traditional Chinese medicines,\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n , can also enhance the effects of antibiotics and reduce antibiotic resistance in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n . Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 shows the potential as a new-generation candidate for treating multi-drug-resistant bacteria, which has advantages over traditional antibiotics, whilst the combination role between\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37 in\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n remains unknown.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n We explored whether the combined use of\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37 can exert antibacterial effects through the quorum sensing (QS) system.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n The minimal inhibitory concentrations of\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37 were determined for\n PAO1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n PA-\u0394lasI\/rhlI<\/jats:italic>\n using micro broth dilution. The antibacterial activity of\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n combined with LL-37 and\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n combined with LL-37 was also assessed. The growth abilities of\n PAO1<\/jats:italic>\n were analysed after being treated with\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37, respectively. Elastase secretion was measured using Congo red-elastic proteinase assays. And the expressions of QS genes (\n lasI<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rhlR<\/jats:italic>\n ) were analysed by real-time PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results.<\/jats:bold>\n Single or combined treatments of\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37 and\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and LL-37 would significantly reduce elastase secretion. There were no significant differences in proliferation between the groups at any timepoint. All treatments downregulated\n lasI<\/jats:italic>\n and\n rhlR<\/jats:italic>\n gene expressions.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n Scutellaria baicalensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 all down-regulate the QS system-related genes of\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , inhibiting the secretion of virulence factors and reducing bacterial toxicity.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:16:12Z","timestamp":1770225372000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regulation of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Scutellaria baicalensis, Prunella vulgaris and antimicrobial peptide LL-37"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinggui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chanjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511300, PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China"},{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 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