{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:06:53Z","timestamp":1788376013251,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009745","name":"Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIHR203320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["217163\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["217163\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MR\/W502649\/1, MR\/N006364\/2 and MR\/V033417\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W502649\/1, MR\/N006364\/2 and MR\/V033417\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>. Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MTb) are opportunistic pathogens that share overlapping geographical distributions and physiological niches within the human body. Both are recognized by the World Health Organization as high-priority pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Gap Statement<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Although clinical reports of co-infections with cryptococcosis and tuberculosis are increasing, experimental studies exploring their interactions remain scarce.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    . We aimed to observationally evaluate whether\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates would alter morphology when co-cultured with\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and observe how these changes might alter the host immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methodology<\/jats:bold>\n                    . We cultured\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    reference strain and clinical isolates in physiologically relevant growth media, in the presence or absence of\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Then, we generated alveolar-like macrophages and created a stimulation environment similar to a tuberculosis environment to perform phagocytic killing assays of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Here, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    can grow in the presence of either heat-killed MTb antigen or the live vaccine strain,\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BCG. In response to the presence of mycobacteria,\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased in number and exhibited enhanced virulence-associated traits, including titan cell formation, capsule enlargement and increased survival from phagocytosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    . This work provides proof of principle for a dynamic, inter-pathogen interaction that may contribute to the exacerbation of disease outcomes in settings of a co-infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T12:15:57Z","timestamp":1771848957000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cryptococcus neoformans responds to presence of Mycobacterium by diversifying its morphologies and remodelling its capsular material"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3466-5736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Akampurira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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