{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:09:47Z","timestamp":1778260187250,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/04630\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04630\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00731\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00731\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are opportunistic pathogens frequently associated with nosocomial infections, and their incidence in urinary tract infections (UTIs) has increased significantly in recent decades, representing a serious public health concern.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap Statement.<\/jats:bold>\n                    While fungal UTIs are gaining attention, there is a lack of comparative studies linking gender and specific niches to the pathogenic potential and antifungal resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in the genitourinary tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study is to characterize\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolated from the urinary tract by investigating their incidence, antifungal resistance patterns and phenotypic virulence factors \u2013 including biofilm formation, germ tube production and adhesion to human epithelial cells \u2013 while specifically comparing these characteristics between male and female patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methodology.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 37 urinary isolates were collected from patients at a Portuguese public hospital between December 2022 and June 2023. Antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole (FLC) and clotrimazole (CLT) was determined via European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution. Virulence was assessed through crystal violet biofilm biomass quantification, germ tube formation assays for\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and adhesion assays using HeLa cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent species, while\n                    <jats:italic>Nakaseomyces glabratus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was exclusively found in female patients (30%). All isolates were susceptible to FLC (MIC \u22642 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and CLT (MIC \u22641 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). High biofilm biomass was particularly noted in non-\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and isolates from hospitalized patients. While isolates from male patients exhibited higher germ tube formation (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05), those from female patients demonstrated a potentially greater capacity for adhesion to HeLa cells (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from the urinary tract demonstrate a potential virulence trait that varies by patient gender and clinical setting. The findings suggest that hospitalized female patients and elderly patients harbour isolates with greater pathogenic potential, highlighting the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance to improve UTI diagnosis and treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:16:53Z","timestamp":1778257013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Candida spp. from the urinary tract: antifungal susceptibility and virulence traits"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Filipa O.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. 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