{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T18:09:33Z","timestamp":1778263773123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2023QC121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QC121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Accurate and rapid identification of marine bacteria is essential for the precise diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases caused by marine pathogens. The accuracy of microbial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) primarily depends on the diversity and number of strains included in the reference database.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Hypothesis\/Gap statement<\/jats:bold>\n                    . We hypothesized that expanding the MALDI-TOF MS database with a broader collection of protein spectral profiles from marine bacteria would significantly enhance identification accuracy for these strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold>\n                    . This study aimed to establish a marine bacterial database to improve identification accuracy and to evaluate the applicability of MALDI-TOF MS-based cluster analysis for tracing the origin of clinical strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methodology<\/jats:bold>\n                    . We collected 203 strains isolated from marine environments and clinical samples, acquired their MALDI-TOF MS spectra and constructed a mass spectral database specific to marine bacteria. To validate the accuracy of the expanded database, 80 external strains were subsequently tested. Furthermore, we assessed the strain classification efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS cluster analysis and phylogenetic trees constructed from gene sequences.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The species-level identification rate increased from 88.75 to 97.5%. The proportion of strains achieving a reliable identification score (&gt;2.3) rose markedly from 43.75 to 91.25%. Cluster analysis based on MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated high accuracy in grouping bacteria at the species level. In addition, the maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree exhibited significantly higher bootstrap support values compared to the neighbour-joining tree.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The expanded marine bacterial database markedly enhances the accuracy and reliability of MALDI-TOF MS for identifying marine pathogens. For species identification and traceability, we recommend a combined strategy that includes initial MALDI-TOF MS screening and verification with phylogenetic trees based on the ML method.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:16:31Z","timestamp":1778260591000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of a matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry database and evaluation of different methods for cluster analysis of marine bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0968-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia-Qi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, PR 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