{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:13:54Z","timestamp":1779383634140,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Society for Infectious Disease Pharmacists Early Career Research Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30AG044271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG044271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Provost Early Career Fellows program at the University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The differentiation of endovascular sources of\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteraemia from non-endovascular infection carries significant prognostic information that can be used to therapeutically stratify patients. The endovascular glycocalyx is a protective barrier composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that can be degraded and excreted in the urine from endothelial injury occurring in endovascular infections, but not in non-endovascular infections. To determine whether patients who had\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endovascular infections, including endocarditis, had increased urinary glycocalyx shedding suggestive of endothelial damage, urine samples from 55 patients with bacteraemia caused by\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were assessed for GAG content. Patients with endovascular source bacteraemia were compared to those from non-vascular source bacteraemia (e.g. prosthetic joint infections, pyomyositis and cellulitis) for GAG content. As expected, patients with\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteraemia stemming from endovascular foci of infection showed increased GAG content in the urine (24.11\u00b14.9\u2009g GAG\/mol creatinine,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =22) compared to those with non-vascular infections (13.65\u00b11.6\u2009g GAG\/mol creatinine,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =33,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.024). Further analysis of GAG composition in urine revealed differential presence of GAGs between these two groups. In the first pilot study of its kind, we found that the measurement of GAG in the urine of patients with\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteraemia shows promise for clinical risk stratification to identify high-risk endovascular infections in order to guide clinical diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making. Larger studies will be needed to determine relevant quantitative cut-off values.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:15:38Z","timestamp":1779380138000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elevated urinary glycosaminoglycans in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia with endovascular source"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9181-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan F.","family":"Smelter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6749-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia F.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, UW Health, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Sakoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"},{"name":"Sharp Rees Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5012-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren E.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0429-8"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184411"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070156"},{"key":"R4","first-page":"231","article-title":"Urine glycosaminoglycans and heparan sulfate excretions in adult patients with glomerular diseases","volume":"39","author":"Mitsuhashi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.711003"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2292-6"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz038"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901048RR"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101575"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.11.006"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201511-2281OC"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8020071"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01074-15"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30447-3"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208808992791"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14278"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138622"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/62319"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001429"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2019"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq004"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13560"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201910070"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-01078-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002169?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:15:39Z","timestamp":1779380139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.002169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}