{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:15:11Z","timestamp":1780596911160,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic> is a dermatophyte responsible for the majority of human superficial mycoses. The functional expression of proteins important for the initial step and the maintenance of the infection process were identified previously in <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> by subtraction suppression hybridization after growth in the presence of keratin. In this study, sequences similar to genes encoding the multidrug-resistance ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, copper ATPase, the major facilitator superfamily and a permease were isolated, and used in Northern blots to monitor the expression of the genes, which were upregulated in the presence of keratin. A sequence identical to the <jats:italic>TruMDR2<\/jats:italic> gene, encoding an ABC transporter in <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic>, was isolated in these experiments, and examination of a <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> \u0394<jats:italic>TruMDR2<\/jats:italic> mutant showed a reduction in infecting activity, characterized by low growth on human nails compared with the wild-type strain. The high expression levels of transporter genes by <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> in mimetic infection and the reduction in virulence of the \u0394<jats:italic>TruMDR2<\/jats:italic> mutant in a disease model <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> suggest that transporters are involved in <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.002907-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,13]],"date-time":"2009-01-13T21:08:39Z","timestamp":1231880919000},"page":"163-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Membrane transporter proteins are involved in Trichophyton rubrum pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Fernanda C. 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