{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1768883130421,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To identify the time frame and route of mother-to-child <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, a Mongolian gerbil model was used. Four-week-old female Mongolian gerbils were infected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>, and then mated with uninfected males 2 months after infection. The offspring were sacrificed weekly after birth, and then serum, mother's milk from the stomach and gastric tissues were obtained from pups. Anti-<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> antibody titres were measured in sera and maternal milk using an ELISA. The stomach was cut in two in the sagittal plane, and then <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> colonization in mucosa was confirmed by culture and real-time RT-PCR in one specimen and by immunochemical staining in the other. Faeces and oral swabs were obtained from infected mothers, and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> 16S rRNA was measured using real-time RT-PCR. <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> was not identified in cultures from the gastric mucosa of pups delivered by infected mothers, but <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> 16S rRNA was detected from 4 weeks after birth, suggesting that Mongolian gerbil pups become infected via maternal <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> transmission from 4 weeks of age. The anti-<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> antibody titre in sera of pups from infected mothers was maximum at 3 weeks of age and then rapidly decreased from 4 weeks of age. High antibody titres in mother's milk were detected during the suckling period, and GlcNAc<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> was detectable at 2\u20134 weeks of age, but disappeared as the offspring aged. Thus <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> seems to infect Mongolian gerbil pups from 4 weeks of age, in parallel with decreasing GlcNAc<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> expression in the gastric mucosa. These results suggested that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection of Mongolian gerbil pups occurs via faecal\u2013oral transmission from an infected mother.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.008185-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]],"date-time":"2009-04-15T17:38:13Z","timestamp":1239817093000},"page":"656-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vertical Helicobacter pylori transmission from Mongolian gerbil mothers to pups"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Oshio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Metabolism and Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Toxicology, Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Osaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Hanawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kurata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771","article-title":"Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"270","author":"Atherton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.10.1348","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori : comparison of DNA fingerprints provides evidence for intrafamilial infection","volume":"34","author":"Bamford","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90408-5","article-title":"Resolution of Helicobacter pylori- associated gastric lymphoproliferative disease in a child","volume":"109","author":"Blecker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200001000-00015","article-title":"Does maternal smoking hinder mother-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection?","volume":"11","author":"Brenner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1328","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori virulence and genetic geography","volume":"284","author":"Covacci","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002083220603","article-title":"Intrafamilial clustering of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"322","author":"Drumm","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.9.2295-2301.1992","article-title":"Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification of rRNA for detection of Helicobacter species","volume":"30","author":"Engstrand","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1086\/516077","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer: clinical and molecular aspects","volume":"25","author":"Goodwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.2.468-470.1997","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of children monitored from 6\u2005months to 11\u2005years of age","volume":"35","author":"Granstrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.09.005","article-title":"Brain Fos expression during 48 h after cisplatin treatment: neural pathways for acute and delayed visceral sickness","volume":"132","author":"Horn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"177","article-title":"Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori","volume":"61","year":"1994","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-2710-x","article-title":"Direct transmission of H. pylori from challenged to nonchallenged mice in a single cage","volume":"50","author":"Karita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099250","article-title":"Natural antibiotic function of a human gastric mucin against Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"305","author":"Kawakubo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5604","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5604-5608.2003","article-title":"Concordance of Helicobacter pylori strains within families","volume":"41","author":"Kivi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2246-2250.2005","article-title":"Five-year follow-up study of mother-to-child transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection detected by a random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting method","volume":"43","author":"Konno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.053942","article-title":"In vivo efficacy in airway disease models of N -(3,5-dichloropyrid-4-yl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-hydroxy-indole-3-yl]-glyoxylic acid amide (AWD 12-281), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for inhaled administration","volume":"307","author":"Kuss","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108996244","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"26","author":"Malaty","year":"1991","journal-title":"Studies in families of healthy individuals. Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1086\/515105","article-title":"Natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood: 12-year follow-up cohort study in a biracial community","volume":"28","author":"Malaty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration","volume":"1","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-46-5-391","article-title":"Induction of ulceration and severe gastritis in Mongolian gerbil by Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"46","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02658.x","article-title":"Influence of age and duration of infection on bacterial load and immune responses to Helicobacter pylori infection in a murine model","volume":"139","author":"Minoura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.2.347-353.2005","article-title":"Long-term infection of mongolian gerbils with Helicobacter pylori : microbiological, histopathological, and serological analyses","volume":"12","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"R23","first-page":"65","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease","volume":"272","year":"1994","journal-title":"NIH Consensus Conference"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1323","article-title":"Evidence of clonal variants of Helicobacter pylori in three generations of a duodenal ulcer disease family","volume":"33","author":"Nwokolo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297021","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in children with peptic ulcer and their families","volume":"36","author":"Oderda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46660-0","article-title":"Mutation of luxS affects motility and infectivity of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa of a Mongolian gerbil model","volume":"55","author":"Osaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.23.2240","article-title":"Fecal and oral shedding of Helicobacter pylori from healthy infected adults","volume":"282","author":"Parsonnet","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1086\/314595","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori among preschool children and their parents: evidence of parent-child transmission","volume":"179","author":"Rothenbacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)72939-1","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori among siblings","volume":"355","author":"Rothenbacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)00427-4","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter pylori : is it all child's play?","volume":"355","author":"Rowland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1086\/516070","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori : prevalence, transmission, and serum pepsinogen II concentrations in children of a poor periurban community in Bangladesh","volume":"25","author":"Sarker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R32","first-page":"55","article-title":"Comparison of pathologic changes in Helicobacter pylori -induced Mongolian gerbils and humans","volume":"34","author":"Sawada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.4.918-923.1995","article-title":"Long-term colonization with single and multiple strains of Helicobacter pylori assessed by DNA fingerprinting","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis","volume":"1","author":"Warren","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70143-X","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric cancer in Mongolian gerbils","volume":"115","author":"Watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000201257.31155.a0","article-title":"The mother as source of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"17","author":"Weyermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005586312582","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter pylori from challenged to nonchallenged nude mice kept in a single cage","volume":"45","author":"Yoshimatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.008185-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T07:20:27Z","timestamp":1601277627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jmm\/10.1099\/jmm.0.008185-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.008185-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2615","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-5644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]]}}}