{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T13:11:16Z","timestamp":1710594676641},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protozoan parasites of the genus<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>are the causative agents of life-threatening visceral as well as cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. First-line drugs are antimonials, but toxicity and resistance in some endemic areas cause serious problems. In the current study, the antileishmanial activity of the weak oxidant<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-chlorotaurine (NCT) was investigated. NCT is a derivative of the amino acid taurine produced by granulocytes and monocytes during oxidative burst, but can also be synthesized chemically and used topically as an antiseptic at a concentration of 1\u200a% (55\u2005mM)<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. NCT susceptibility tests were performed<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with promastigotes and amastigotes of<jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>. As NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl is known to increase the activity of NCT by the formation of monochloramine (NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl), co-treatment assays were included in the study. Mean EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>values after 1\u2005h of treatment were 5.94\u2005mM for<jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>and 9.8\u2005mM for<jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>promastigotes. Co-treatment with 5.5\u2005mM NCT plus 19\u2005mM NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>Cl led to complete killing of promastigotes of both strains within 15\u2005min. Amastigotes were inactivated by treatment with 2\u2005mM NCT alone. The results of this study indicate a high potential of NCT against<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011155-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T16:50:48Z","timestamp":1252687848000},"page":"1298-1302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["N-Chlorotaurine shows high in vitro activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania species"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ursula","family":"F\u00fcrnkranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Nagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Gottardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Matt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (CeMM), Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Asp\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Walochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1095 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500054","article-title":"Protein sites of attack of N -chlorotaurine in Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Arnitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46841-0","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antimony resistance in Leishmania","volume":"56","author":"Ashutosh Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med 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