{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T14:47:40Z","timestamp":1774795660516,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> putative virulence factors can undergo a continuously evolving mechanism as an approach to bacterial adaptation to the host changing environment during chronic infection. <jats:italic>oipA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>dupA<\/jats:italic> genetic diversity among isolates from multiple biopsies (niches) from the antrum and corpus of 40 patients was investigated. A set of 229 isolates was examined. Direct DNA sequence analysis of amplified fragments was used to study <jats:italic>oipA<\/jats:italic> \u2018on\/off\u2019 expression status as well as the presence of C or T insertion in <jats:italic>jhp0917<\/jats:italic> that originates a continuous (<jats:italic>jhp0917<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>jhp0918<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>dupA<\/jats:italic> gene. <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> alleles were identified by multiplex PCR. Different inter-niches <jats:italic>oipA<\/jats:italic> CT repeat patterns were observed in nine patients; in six of these, \u2018on\u2019 and \u2018off\u2019 mixed patterns were found. In three of these nine patients, different <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> alleles were also observed in a single host. Inter-niche <jats:italic>dupA<\/jats:italic> differences involved the absence and presence of <jats:italic>jhp0917<\/jats:italic> and\/or <jats:italic>jhp0918<\/jats:italic> or mutations in <jats:italic>dupA<\/jats:italic>, including those that may originate a non-functional gene, and they were also present in two patients with mixed <jats:italic>oipA<\/jats:italic> CT patterns and in another seven patients. Evidence of mixed infection was observed in two patients only. In conclusion, <jats:italic>oipA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>dupA<\/jats:italic> genes showed similar inter-niche variability, occurring in approximately 1\/4 patients. Conversely, <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> allele microevolution seemed to be a less common event, occurring in approximately 1\/10 patients, probably due to the mechanism that this gene evolves \u2018<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.011684-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,3]],"date-time":"2009-11-03T22:57:02Z","timestamp":1257289022000},"page":"89-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Helicobacter pylori oipA, vacA and dupA genetic diversity in individual hosts"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mario Jos\u00e9","family":"Matteo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Parasitolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita In\u00e9s","family":"Armitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Parasitolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Parasitolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Dario","family":"Wonaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Escuela \u2018Don Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn\u2019 Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"S\u00e1nches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Gastroenterolog\u00eda, Hospital Escuela \u2018Don Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn\u2019 Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Endoscop\u00eda, Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. 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