{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:33:54Z","timestamp":1790901234749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A prolonged outbreak of carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a German university medical centre in 2006 was investigated; the investigation included a descriptive epidemiological analysis, a case\u2013control study, environmental sampling, molecular typing of\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates using PFGE and repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) typing, and detection of OXA-type carbapenemases by multiplex PCR. Thirty-two patients acquired the outbreak strain in five intensive care units (ICUs) and two regular wards at a tertiary care hospital within 10 months. The outbreak strain was resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, imipenem and meropenem, and carried the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                    -like gene. Based on PFGE and rep-PCR typing, it was shown to be related to the pan-European\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    clone II. The most likely mode of transmission was cross-transmission from colonized or infected patients via the hands of health-care workers, with the severity of disease and intensity of care (therapeutic intervention scoring system 28 score &gt;median) being independently associated with acquisition of the outbreak strain (odds ratio 6.67, 95\u200a% confidence interval 1.55\u201336.56). Control of the outbreak was achieved by enforcement of standard precautions, education of personnel, screening of ICU patients for carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cohorting of patients. This is believed to be the first report of an outbreak of\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    carrying the carbapenemase OXA-23 in Germany.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.012302-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T14:39:15Z","timestamp":1255099155000},"page":"1499-1507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carrying the carbapenemase OXA-23 in a German university medical centre"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Anke","family":"Kohlenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Br\u00fcmmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorit","family":"Sohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brar C.","family":"Piening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"de Grahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Halle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"R\u00fcden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.2.148","article-title":"Acinetobacter spp. as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features","volume":"9","author":"Bergogne-B\u00e9r\u00e9zin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1053\/ic.1998.v26.a84555","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii : an unexpected difference in epidemiologic behavior","volume":"26","author":"Bernards","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1086\/502335","article-title":"Persistent Acinetobacter baumannii ? 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