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The immunomodulatory effect was evaluated via induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, interleukin (IL)-1<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and IL-6 and acceleration of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunologically active structures triggered mouse peritoneal M\u03a6s to secrete cytokines and release NO\/ROS, even at concentrations as low as 12.5\u2005\u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. It was found that the O-specific polysaccharide moiety was more immunologically efficient than the glycolipid one, probably due to the position of 3-deoxy-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-manno-octulosonic acid. The results revealed effective structure\u2013immunomodulating relationships of dLPS-derived moieties that are desirable in subcellular anti-cholera vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.013599-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,3]],"date-time":"2009-11-03T22:57:02Z","timestamp":1257289022000},"page":"158-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ema","family":"Paulovi\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Centre of Excellence GLYCOMED, Department of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Kov\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slavom\u00edr","family":"Bystrick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Centre of Excellence GLYCOMED, Department of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.5.1444","article-title":"Lack of binding of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to mouse lung macrophages and restoration of binding by interferon gamma","volume":"162","author":"Akagawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"Alexander","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3488-3493.2001","article-title":"Preparation, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, in a murine model, of a conjugate vaccine composed of the polysaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139 bound to tetanus toxoid","volume":"69","author":"Boutonnier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(94)90005-1","article-title":"Cytokines and macrophages","volume":"48","author":"Cavaillon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.3.791-797.1989","article-title":"Dissociation of cell-associated interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 release induced by lipopolysaccharide and lipid A","volume":"57","author":"Cavaillon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4020-4","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-binding molecules: transporters, blockers and sensors","volume":"61","author":"Chaby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.004","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae . 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