{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:12:40Z","timestamp":1763201560658},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Leprosy, a spectral disease manifested on the basis of host immune responses,is complicated by its reactional stages, namely type I reversal reaction (RR)and type II erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). These reactional stagesare characterized by uncontrolled and aberrant immune responses. Biomarkersfor reactional stages would aid in early diagnosis, efficient treatment, preventionof neurological complications and prediction of predisposition to reactionalstages. In this study, comparative analysis of the serum proteome of leprosypatients by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by massspectrometry showed differential expression of acute-phase protein<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-acid glycoprotein (AGP; also known as orosomucoid).AGP levels in untreated ENL cases were significantly higher than in lepromatousleprosy (LL; a non-reactional disease stage) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0126),RR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0176) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0030).These data were confirmed using ELISA. The levels of AGP decreased to normallevels after treatment with multidrug therapy and thalidomide (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0167). In a follow-up study, AGP levels, which were highin the untreated ENL stage, decreased significantly at 5\u2005days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0084) and 21\u2005days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0027)post-treatment. A stage-dependent increase in AGP in an LL patient who progressedinto the ENL stage was also shown. Glycosylation analysis by 2DE showed differentialexpression of acidic glycoforms of AGP in untreated ENL cases. Changes inAGP concentration and differential expression of isoforms correlated withthe inflammatory condition in ENL and also with the treatment regimen. Thus,initial validation of AGP as an ENL-specific biomarker and treatment indicatorwas shown in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016394-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,15]],"date-time":"2010-01-15T01:34:12Z","timestamp":1263519252000},"page":"400-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["\u03b1 1-Acid glycoprotein as a putative biomarkerfor monitoring the development of the type II reactional stage of leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Nishma","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology,Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nallakandy P.","family":"Shankernarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voluntary Health Services, Leprosy Project, Shaktinagar,Erode 638315, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuppamuthu","family":"Dharmalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology,Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.4.1441-1446.1992","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor productionin patients with leprosy","volume":"60","author":"Barnes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830221032","article-title":"\u03b1 1-Acid glycoprotein potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced secretionof interleukin-1 \u03b2 , interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- \u03b1 by human monocytes and alveolar and peritoneal 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